社區參與旅遊發展之研究-以蒙古侯呼德省為例

Community Involvement and Participation in Tourism Development in Mongolia - A case study of Local communities in Khovd aimag, Mongolia

沙特蘿(Tsatsral Sukhbaatar)

指導教授 ： 盧惠敏 ； 鍾惠雯

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/熱帶農業暨國際合作系所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2012.00185

摘要

本論文進行蒙古地區社區參與旅遊發展的研究，並以考夫安邁地區為例。本論文探討三個主要的概念：社區參與旅遊發展的過程，社區參與旅遊發展的過程中的決策參與、和當地居民在旅遊發展的角色。主要從三個相關的問題來系統性討論：(1)當地居民對於旅遊發展的看法；(2)當地居民適當的角色；(3)當地居民參與決策的程度。深入了解研究主題，應用案例並使用社區調查、訪談、田野觀察、文獻分析、和正式非討論等方法：進行社區層級的調查來匯集草根性的觀點；探討相關利益關係團體（一般居民、社區決策者、和非營利組織）的涉入；蒙古地區很少有如此的調查。如此的取向改進主要研究問題的提出與發現。應用這些技術，定量與定性資料也同時被分析、整合、比較、和相互補充。

關鍵字

社區 ； 社區參與 ； 旅遊開發 ； 決策 ； 侯呼德 ； 蒙古

並列摘要

This thesis discusses the involvement and participation of local communities in tourism development in Mongolia using a case study of local communities in Khovd aimag. To explore this research topic, the thesis examines three key concepts: local communities’ involvement and participation in tourism development process, community participation in the tourism development decision-making process, and the appropriate roles of local people in tourism development. To achieve these systematically, the research is guided by three inter-related research questions: (1) what are the views of local people towards community involvement in tourism development; (2) what are appropriate roles of local people in tourism development; and (3) to what extent do local people participate in the tourism development decision-making process. To gain a rich understanding of the context of the research, the thesis employs a case study approach, which enables: firstly, investigation at the community level to bring together perspectives from the grass-root level, where little research on this topic has been done; secondly, involvement of key stakeholders that explores perspectives from a range of stakeholders (ordinary members of the tourism
community partnerships and decision-makers within the community); and the field observations, document analysis, and informal discussions). Such an approach improves the validity of the findings and successfully addresses the central research questions. Both quantitative and qualitative data generated from these techniques are analysed, integrated and compared, and are used to complement each other. The result of this study reveals that local communities have knowledge of the positive impacts of tourism and beneficiaries of involvement in tourism process. According to the results, there is a general agreement among respondents that tourism encourages a variety of cultural activities. The local communities also acknowledge that tourism creates employment opportunities and generates income. Furthermore the results also showed that the respondents supported ‘taking part actively in the tourism decision-making process’ (mean 4.50) in order of importance based on percentage scores of levels of agreement. This result confirmed by local people’s views regarding the role of the local community in tourism development suggested by a series of seven statements. The statement ‘local people should be consulted when tourism policies are being made’ supported with highest mean score (4.45), but two statements were rejected: ‘local people should take the leading role as workers at all levels’ (mean 2.95) and ‘local people should not participate by any means’ (mean 1.45). Based on these results, this study concludes that local people wish to play a role in the tourism development decision-making process. In general, local people would like to see the decision-making body for tourism development made up of both elected officials, who represent the local community to ensure community needs, priority, and interests to be not by-passed, and appointed officials, who often bring in their expertise and professional knowledge. But in the course of exercising their duties, they should first consult the local people in order to collect public views. The desired way of involving the local community in tourism development by the local people appears to represent “spontaneous participation” in Tosun (2006)’s typology, which advocates bottom-up, active participation by local people. However, there are still some obstacles to community involvement and participation in tourism development in Khovd aimag. They include: low levels of interest showed by local people in following up issues beyond their immediate family domain (apathy); poor co-ordination between involved parties (ordinary members of the local community and their leaders); and low levels of awareness of the whole idea of community involvement coupled with lack of education.

並列關鍵字

community ； community participation ； tourism development ； decision-making ； Khovd aimag ； Mongolia

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