研究人員、推廣人員和農民對台灣畜牧推廣之分析研究

本文旨在探討我國畜牧界研究、推廣和農民之需求，以四份問卷針對研究人員、推廣人員、農民及其他相關人員等進行調查研究，問卷一至四之有效問卷數分別為176、429、336、1191份。問卷一結果顯示研究人員的研究主題或點子主要來自期刊或雜誌(71%)、其他研究人員(69%)和畜牧現場(56%)；其在研究上之主要困難為研究經費不足(60%)；其主要經由研討會或訓練班和農民(52%)、推廣人員(60%)接觸。工作經驗6-10年的研究人員最認同研究成果可以改善農民之生活(p < 0.05)及豐富推廣內容(p < 0.01)，他們認為推廣工作中最重要的支援是期刊或雜誌(p < 0.05)。每日工作時數越長，越同意推廣最重要的支援是經費、講者和期刊雜誌(p < 0.05)；每日工作9-12小時之研究人員更認同研究報告(p < 0.05)是最重要的支援。25-34歲、收入在20,000-60,000元/月者認為政府經費不足敷其研究工作(p < 0.05)。25-34歲者較不認為廠商業界人員瞭解農民的需求(p < 0.05)、也不認為他們比政府推廣人員熱心(p < 0.05)；具畜牧或獸醫專業之研究人員較認同業界人員的推廣方法和技巧(p < 0.05)。問卷二結果顯示推廣人員的推廣技巧主要來自廠商業界人員(66%)、自身的專業(62%)、研究人員(62%)和期刊雜誌(53%)；其在推廣上遇到的困難是農民學習意願不高或沒有時間(52%)；其與農民接觸的管道有主動聯絡農民(65%)、現場參訪(53%)、經由業務人員(52%)；其與研究人員接觸主要是經由研討會或訓練班(66%)。推廣人員工作經驗不足一年(p < 0.01)、每日工作時數12小時以上(p < 0.05)、年齡55-64歲(p < 0.001)對畜牧專業知識來自獸醫有信心。推廣工作中最重要的是主題。他們通知農民的方式是以電話聯繫，較少用網絡或電子郵件、也較少用簡訊方式通知農民。65歲以上之推廣人員對於大部分的回答偏向較低的認同度。問卷三結果顯示農民認為他們工作上遇到的困難主要是本身專業知識不足(59%)和經費不足(50%)；其經由研討會或訓練班和研究人員(66%)、推廣人員(60%)接觸。工作經驗不足一年(p < 0.05)、收入少於20,000元/月(p < 0.05)對於畜牧專業知識來自其他農民有信心。農民非常期望政府官員能多學習一些畜牧相關專業知識。當遇到畜牧相關問題時，研究、推廣人員會請教其他研究人員(p < 0.05)；推廣人員、農民會請教獸醫人員(p < 0.05)；研究人員會找尋相關期刊雜誌(p < 0.05)。研究、推廣人員和農民皆非常認同推廣之成功在於瞭解農民真正的需求。問卷四結果顯示所有填答者其工作經驗15年以上、每日工作4小時內、55-64歲、具國中學歷者皆認為研究人員可訓練成推廣人員(p < 0.05)。員工、工作經驗不足一年、每日工作12小時以上、從事現場工作、45-54歲者較喜歡複雜之試驗設計以顯示很瞭解問題(p < 0.05)。所有人都認同其很多專業知識來自研討會或訓練班之活動或講義；所有人對於畜牧專業知識來自政府人員沒有信心，特別是55歲以上者更覺如此。希望本研究結果能作為相關部門改善畜牧業之參考。

關鍵字

困難；畜牧推廣；溝通管道；農民；需求；學習

並列摘要

The purpose of the study was to investigate the needs for researchers, extensionists, and farmers in the animal industry of Taiwan. There were four kinds of questionnaires aimed to researchers, extensionists, farmers, and persons related to animal industry in the study. A total of 176, 429, 336, and 1191 questionnaires were valid and accepted for Questionnaire 1 to 4 respectively. Results of Questionnaire 1 showed that researchers’ research subjects or ideas were mainly from professional journals or magazines (71%), other researchers (69%), and farm visits (56%). The major obstacle for researchers was insufficient research budgets (60%). Researchers mainly communicated with farmers (52%) and extensionists (60%) in conferences or training courses. Those with 6-10 years’ experience showed the most agreeable to research results improved farmers’ life (p < 0.05) and improved extension content (p < 0.01). They also agreed with the most important support in extension was journals or magazines (p < 0.05). As for the most important support in extension work, the more work working hours per day, the more agreeable to the support were funds, speakers, journals or magazines (p < 0.05). Those with work time of 9-12 hours per day were highly agreeable to the most important support in extension was research reports (p < 0.05). Those aged 25-34, and with lower incomes (New Taiwan Dollars, NTD 20,000-60,000) / month considered that research funds from government were not sufficient to support their research work (p < 0.05). They were less agreeable to that industry professionals know farmers’ needs (p < 0.05), and did not think industry professionals were more enthusiastic than governmental extension persons (p < 0.05). Those with animal science or veterinary medicine professional background were more agreeable to industry professionals' extension methods and skills (p < 0.05). Results of Questionnaire 2 showed that extensionists’ extension skills were from industry professionals (66%), personal profession (62%), researchers (62%), and journals or magazines (53%). The obstacles in extension work would be farmers’ low learning motivation or insufficient time to learn (52%). Extension persons’ communication channels with farmers were: contact in person (65%), through farm visits (53%), and through salespersons (52%). As for extension persons’ communication with researchers, the channel was mainly in conferences or training courses (66%). Those with work experience less than one year (p < 0.01), above 12 hours per day (p < 0.05), aged 55-64 (p < 0.001) had confidence in knowledge of animal production from vets. The most important in extension was topics. They used telephone calls to inform farmers, less via electronic media (internet or email), or text messages. Extensionists aged above 65 usually responded low level in agreement compared with other age groups. Results of Questionnaire 3 showed that farmers’ obstacles in work would be mainly insufficient professional knowledge (59%) and insufficient budgets (50%). The major communication channel with researchers and extensionists was in conferences or training courses (66% and 60% respectively). Farmers with work experience less than one year (p < 0.05), incomes less than NTD 20,000 / month (p < 0.05) had much higher confidence in knowledge of animal production from other farmers. Farmers highly expected the government to learn more professional knowledge. When encountering problems, researchers and extensionists would seek advice from researchers (p < 0.05), extensionists and farmers would seek advice from vets (p < 0.05), and researchers would seek advice from related journals or magazines (p < 0.05). All highly agreed that successful extension was related to knowing farmers’ needs. Results of Questionnaire 4 showed that respondents with work experience above 15 years, work less than 4 hours per day, aged 55-64, with junior high school level considered researchers could be trained as extensionists (p < 0.05). Employees, work less than one year, work above 12 hours per day, work related to field, aged 45-54 preferred complicated experimental design to indicate understanding the problems (p < 0.05). All respondents showed higher confidence in knowledge of animal production from proceedings of conferences or training programs. Respondents had no confidence in knowledge from the government, especially for those aged 55-64 and above 65. Hopefully the research results can serve as a reference for the related departments for further improvement in animal industry of Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

animal science extension ； communication channel ； farmers ； learning ； needs ； obstacle

參考文獻

Aeberhard, A. and S. Rist. 2009. Transdisciplinary co-production of knowledge in the development of organic agriculture in Switzerland. Ecological Economics 68: 1171-1181.

Google Scholar

Alexandratos, N. and Bruinsma, J. 2012. World Agriculture Towards 2030/2050: The 2012 Revision. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Google Scholar

Alexandre, G., E. González-García, C. H. O. Lallo, E. Ortega-Jimenez, F. Pariacote, H. Archimède, N. Mandonnet, and M. Mahieu. 2010. Goat management and systems of production: global framework and study cases in the Caribbean. Small Ruminant Research 89: 193-206.

Google Scholar

Alfageme, A. 2007. The clients and functions of Spanish university programmes for older people: a sociological analysis. Ageing & Society 27: 343-361.

Google Scholar

Ali, J. and S. Kumar. 2010. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) and farmers’ decision-making across the agricultural supply chain. International Journal of Information Management, doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2010.07.008.

Google Scholar

主題瀏覽