水稻強化灌溉管理系統對台灣南部地區產量水分生產力和二氧化碳（CO2）排放的影響

減少水的投入和二氧化碳（CO2）排放，同時保持糧食產量仍然是世界可持續生產大米的挑戰。近年來，替代濕潤和乾燥技術（AWD）已經發展到亞洲農民。然而，觀察到的差距是缺乏對其表現的評估，特別是在台灣。本研究的目的是確定應用於水稻強化系統（SRI）時的AWD方案是否可以通過減少水輸入和減少二氧化碳氣體來維持穀物產量。 SRI進場試驗場在台灣南部的屏東科技大學進行。水稻幼苗TAINAN 11（TN11）採用隨機完全區組設計，採用5種水處理：SRI2cm，SRI3cm，SRI3cm / w，SRI4cm和SRI5cm，土壤航空裂縫分別監測2cm和3cm水深; 每週灌溉3厘米，4厘米和5厘米。灌溉制度由AWD技術完成。通過葉水勢和7天間隔監測的CO2排放來評估植物水分狀況。測量作物生長，穀物產量和水生產力。結果表明，SRI3cm，SRI2cm和SRI3cm / w下的籽粒產量呈現高產;儘管高水深，SRI4cm和SRI5cm呈現低產量，分別為3080Kg / ha和2604Kg / ha。 SRI3cm下的CO2排放低於SRI3cm / w和SRI2cm。 SRI4和SRI5cm呈現相同的CO2排放範圍，為319 ppm。在CO2和LAI之間觀察到負相關。結果還證實，SRI3cm和SRI3cm / w可以獲得與農民實踐相當的糧食產量，灌溉量較少。這些研究結果表明，水深3厘米（SRI3cm和SRI3cm / w）的SRI可用於節水和溫室氣體減排，同時保持SRI生產中的糧食產量。

關鍵字

糧食產量，水分生產率，交替濕潤和乾燥，CO2，SRI ；糧食產量；水分生產率；交替濕潤和乾燥； CO2 ； SRI

並列摘要

Decreasing water input and Carbone Dioxide (CO2) emissions while maintaining grain yield remain a challenge for World to produce rice sustainably. In recent years, the Alternate Wetting and Drying technology (AWD) has been developed toward Asian’ farmers. However, the gap observed is the lack of assessment of its performances, particularly in Taiwan. The aim of this study is to determine whether the AWD regime, when applied on System of Rice Intensification (SRI), could maintain grain yield with reduced water input and mitigation of CO2 gases. SRI approach experiment field was conducted in National Pingtung University, Southern Taiwan. A rice seedling, TAINAN 11 (TN11) was arranged in a randomized complete block design with five water treatments: SRI2cm, SRI3cm, SRI3cm/w, SRI4cm and SRI5cm with respectively 2cm and 3 cm water depth monitoring by soil airlines cracks; 3cm, 4 cm and 5cm weekly irrigation. The irrigation regimes were done by AWD technics. The plant water status was assessed through the leaf water potential and the CO2 emission monitored at 7-day intervals. Crop growth, grain yield and water productivity were measured. The results showed that grain yields under SRI3cm, SRI2cm and SRI3cm/w presented the high yield; SRI4cm and SRI5cm despite the high-water depth presented low yield with respectively 3080 Kg/ha and 2604 Kg/ha. The CO2 emission under SRI3cm was lowest than SRI3cm/w and SRI2cm. SRI4 and SRI5cm presented the same range of CO2 emission with 319 ppm. A negative correlation was observed between CO2 and LAI. The results confirmed also that SRI3cm and SRI3cm/w could obtain comparable grain yield close to farmers practices with fewer irrigations. These findings suggested that the SRI with 3 cm water depth (SRI3cm and SRI3cm/w) could be used for water-saving and greenhouse gases mitigation while maintaining grain yield in SRI production.

並列關鍵字

Grain yield, Water productivity, Alternate Wetting and Drying, CO2, SRI ； Grain yield ； Water productivity ； Alternate Wetting and Drying ； CO2 ； SRI

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