在水稻强化系统（SRI）下監測益生菌對水稻田之影響

植物相關細菌是化學肥料的有前途的替代品，用於植物生長和以環保方式提高產量。由於化肥的巨大應用，土壤的肥力，地下水和微生物都受到這些工業產品的影響。該調查旨在確定能夠减少化學肥料使用的最佳益生菌濃度，同時不影響水稻的生長和產量。此外，農民的高成本涉及需要調查農業中的養分管理，以便向生產者提出有效的養分應用。在這種背景下，生物技術早已報導了有益細菌做動，溶解和固定作物主要營養素方面的作用。研究人員認為利用某些細菌的益處是減少礦物肥料使用的替代方案，顯然可能傾向於農業的再生物化。那些被稱為植物生長促進根瘤菌（PGPR）或植物益生菌（PPB）的細菌對於水稻種植的農民特別是在台灣的水稻強化系統（SRI）中是有意義的。本研究的目的是評估不同數量的益生菌溶液（PS）和不同推薦劑量的化學肥料（RDCF）劑量對濕季SRI下水稻生長和產量的影響，保持最佳水深 3 厘米。該調查旨在確定能夠減少化學肥料使用而不影響水稻生長和產量的益生菌溶液的最佳用量。具體而言，本研究調查益生菌使用對生理參數，產量組分及其在 SRI 下促進植物生長的能力的影響。為了實現我們的目標，該實驗已在台灣國立屏東科技大學（NPUST）的灌溉稻田進行。SRI 管理原則，如苗齡，株距，幼苗密度，種植持續時間和除草方法已經徹底進行。五種不同的處理 T1（100％RDCF），T2（75％RDCF + 25％ PS），T3（50％RDCF + 50％PS），T4（25％RDCF + 75％PS）和 T5（100 ％PS）已經相互之間的比較 T1 被認為是對照治療。生長參數（株高，葉面積指數（LAI），葉綠素含量）和產量組分（生產分蘗數，每穗粒數，千粒重和穀粒產量）的數據已經過統計分析，並在處理之間進行了比較。應用 50 ％RDCF + 50％PS的結果記錄了生長參數和每株穗數（12.33）的最高值，但與其他處理沒有顯著差異。最終的穀粒重量最終記錄在 T1（28.67g）中，並且與其餘處理顯著不同，因此影響了處理的穀物產量（噸/公頃）。然而，在 T1（6.14 噸/公頃）中記錄的高產量對於其餘處理仍然特別關閉，沒有任何顯著差異。考慮到 T3 中的生長參數和產量（5.84 噸/公頃）性能以及細菌在磷溶解和固氮中的能力，這種處理被認為是當前研究中的有效處理，並且建議當作用於減輕化學肥料對環境影響的目的。關鍵字：水稻，水稻強化系统，化肥，益生菌。

關鍵字

水稻；水稻強化系统；化肥；益生菌

並列摘要

Plant associated bacteria are promising alternatives to chemical fertilizers for plant growth and yield improvement in an eco-friendly manner. Due to huge applications of chemical fertilizers, soils’ fertility, groundwater and certainly microorganisms are both affected by those industrial’s products. Moreover, its high costs for farmers involve the need to investigate the nutrients management in agriculture in order to propose efficient nutrients applications to producers. In this context, the biotechnology has longtime ago reported the ability of beneficial bacteria in its roles of mobilizing, solubilizing and fixing the main nutrients for crops. Exploiting benefits of some bacteria is seen by researchers as alternative to reduce mineral fertilizers use and evidently could tend to the re-biologization of the agriculture. Those bacteria known as Plant Growth promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) or Plant Probiotic Bacteria (PPB) are meaningfully for farmers in rice farming in particular in the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Taiwan. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of different amount of probiotic’s solution (PS) and different recommended doses of chemical fertilizers (RDCF) doses on the growth and yield of rice under SRI in wet season maintaining an optimum water depth of 3 cm. The investigation aims to determine the optimum amount of probiotic’s solution able to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers without compromising with the growth and yield of rice. Specifically, this study investigates the effects of probiotic use on the physiological parameters, the yield components and its ability to promote plants growth under SRI. To achieve our goals, the experiment has been conducted at irrigated rice field at the National Pingtung University of Science and Technology (NPUST) in Taiwan. SRI management principles such as seedling age, plant spacing, seedling densities, duration of planting and weeding method have been thoroughly conducted. Five different treatments T1 (100% RDCF), T2 (75% RDCF + 25% PS), T3 (50% RDCF + 50% PS), T4 (25% RDCF + 75% PS) and T5 (100% PS) have been compared between each other’s where T1 was considered as the control treatment. Data of growth parameters (plant height, leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content) and yield components (productive tillers number, number of grains per panicle, 1000 grains weight and grain yield) have been statistically analyzed and compared between treatments. Results of the application of 50% RDCF + 50% PS has recorded the highest values in growth parameters and in panicles number per plant (12.33) but were not significantly different with other treatments. The highest grains weight was finally recorded in T1 (28.67 g) and was significantly different with the rest of treatments which consequently has affected the grain yield (ton/ha) of treatments. However, the high yield recorded in T1 (6.14 ton/ha) remains particularly closed to the rest of treatments without any significant difference. Regardful of the growth parameters and yield (5.84 tons/ha) performance in T3 and bacteria’s abilities in phosphorus solubilization and nitrogen fixation this treatment is considered as an efficient treatment in the current investigation and is suggested to be used in the future purposes to mitigate chemical fertilizers effects on the environment. Key words: Rice, System of Rice Intensification, chemical fertilizer, Probiotic.

並列關鍵字

Rice ； System of Rice Intensification ； chemical fertilizer ； Probiotic

參考文獻

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