SRI農法栽培水稻在不同益生菌施用率下對於作物生長和產量的影響評估

Evaluating the Effect of Variable Probiotic Bacteria Rates on Growth and Yield of Rice cultivated under SRI condition

崔斯利(Chesly Kit Kobua)

指導教授 ： 王裕民

國立屏東科技大學/國際學院/熱帶農業暨國際合作系/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST201900389

摘要

水稻（Oryza sativa）是台灣重要的糧食作物。除了營養價值外，
該作物在該國經濟中發揮著至關重要的作用，為該國的NT500 億美元農業生產貢獻了15％，並為當地農民及其家庭提供了收入來源。而，透過高投入合成肥料來維持作物生產，合成肥料既昂貴又對環境和人類健康產生不利的負面影響。將合成肥料與“植物益生菌”（PPB）結合起來被認為是減少傳統水稻種植中施肥量的替代選擇。目前已知PPB 能刺激植物中的幾種代謝過程，例如增強植物對生物和非生物脅迫的耐受性以及增加水和養分吸收，這反而促進了植物的旺盛生長和產量。本研究位於台灣南部，並使用“水稻強化系統”（SRI）方法培養的水稻，其中包含五種不同的氮（N）基肥和PPB 比率組合（T1 = 100%N：0%PPB、T2 = 75%N：25%PPB、T3 = 50%N：50%PPB、T4 = 25%N：75%PPB 和T5 = 0%N：100%PPB）。本研究的目的是評估在氮（N）基肥和PPB 用量的五種不同比率下栽培的水稻的生長和產量影響，並確定減少水稻氮肥比率的最佳處理組合。實驗結果顯示，在分蘗（44 DAT）和初穗開始（72 DAT）生長階段，植株高度（26.74%）和葉面積指數（34.36%）顯著增加，特別是用肥料和PPB 組合處理的植物。這些改進也使處理過的植物乾物質產量增加了26.74%，收穫指數增加了11.67%。與處理T2II（46.27g），T3（41.83g）和T4（43.41g）相比，對照處理（39.97g）和T5（40.79g）各處理僅用單一N 基肥料和PPB 在成熟期產生較少的總乾物質含量。透T4（4.69 噸/公頃）產生最高的穀物產量，與對照處理（4.02 噸/公頃）相比，穀物產量高14％。雖然五種處理的籽粒產量沒有顯著差異，但填充的籽粒百分比和千粒重顯著分別改善了4-6％，特別是所有用肥料和PPB 組合處理的植株（T2、T3 和 T4）。總而言之，肥料和PPB 的綜合作用產生了良好的生長響應，良好的總乾物質產量和穀物產量。最終結果顯示，與使用傳統施用率植物處理相比，T4 較合適，由於其使得肥料使用顯著減少和高收穫指數（51.34%）。該處理僅使用了25%的所需肥料用量，但當與75%所需的PPB 用量組合時，能夠顯著改善作物生長並且產生最高的穀物產量。因此，從標準施用率來看，使
用台灣的SRI 栽培方法，可以向當地水稻農場推薦25%N 基肥和
75%PPB 的組合。

關鍵字：乾物質生產、收穫指數、植物益生菌、水稻強化系統

關鍵字

乾物質生產 ； 收穫指數 ； 植物益生菌 ； 水稻強化系統

並列摘要

Rice (Oryza sativa) is an important food crop in Taiwan. Besides its
nutritional values, the crop plays a vital role in the country‟s economy contributing 15% towards the country‟s NT500 billion dollar agricultural production as well as providing a source of income for local farmers and their families. However, the crops production is maintained through high inputs of synthetic fertilizers which are both costly and have adverse negative effects on the environment and human health. Incorporating synthetic fertilizer with“Plant Probiotic Bacteria” (PPB) is deemed as an alternate option to cut down on the rate of fertilizer application used in conventional rice farming. PPB are known to stimulate several metabolic processes in plants such as to enhance the plants' tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as increase water and nutrient uptake which in turn promote vigorous plant growth and yield. A study was conducted in southern Taiwan where five different combinations of nitrogen (N) based fertilizer and PPB rates (T1=100%N:0%PPB, T2=75%N:25%PPB, T3=50%N:50%PPB, T4=25%N:75%PPB and T5=0%N:100%PPB) were applied to rice cultivated using the “System of rice intensification” (SRI) method. The objectives of this study are to assess the growth and yield response of rice cultivated under the five varied input ratio of nitrogen (N) bases fertilizer and PPB dosage and to determine the best treatment combination that can reduce N fertilizer input in rice cultivation. The experimental results showed significant increase in the plants' height (26.74%) and leaf area index (34.36%) during the active tillering (44 DAT) and panicle initiation (72 DAT) growth stages particularly with plants treated with combinations of both fertilizer and PPB. These improvements also increased the treated plants' dry matter production by 26.74% and harvest index by 11.67%. The control treatment (39.97g) and T5 (40.79g) each treated with only single N based fertilizer and PPB produced less total dry matter content at maturity stage compared to treatments T2 (46.27g), T3 (41.83g) and T4 (43.41g) respectively. The highest grain yield was produced by T4 (4.69 ton/ha) which is 14% higher grain yield compared to that of the control treatment (4.02 ton/ha). Although no significant difference was grained amongst the grain yield of the five treatments, there was a significant improvement in the filled grain percentage and 1000 grain weight by 4-6% (respectively) notably by all plants treated with a combination of fertilizer and PPB (T2, T3, and T4). In all, the combined effect of fertilizer and PPB produced promising growth response, good total dry matter production and grain yield output. The final results showed T4 to be more favorable due to the significant reduction in fertilizer usage and high harvest index (51.34%) compared to those plants treated using the conventional application rate. The treatment only utilized 25% of the required fertilizer dosage yet when combined with 75% of the required PPB dosage was able to produce significant improvement in crop growth and as well as the producing the highest grain yield. Hence, from the standard application rates, a combination of 25% N based fertilizer with 75% of PPB can be recommended to local rice farms using the SRI cultivation method in Taiwan.

Keywords: dry matter production, harvest index, plant probiotic bacteria,
System of Rice Intensification

並列關鍵字

dry matter production ； harvest index ； plant probiotic bacteria ； System of Rice Intensification

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