- 學位論文
新穎萃取方法及複合萃取對木鱉果葉植化素及碳水化合物水解酶活性之影響
Effects of innovative non-thermal extraction methods on phytochemicals and carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes inhibitory activities of Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) leaves
摘要
木鱉果（Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.）屬於葫蘆科，其葉子在傳統醫學中具有許多用途，如抗真菌、抗發炎及促進傷口癒合。然而，迄今為止少有文獻探討木鱉果葉中植物營養素及其對於抑制造成高血糖之α-澱粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶之活性研究。本研究利用三種非熱加工，超音波萃取(UAE)、高壓靜電場(HVEF)、高壓處理(HPP)，以及高壓靜電場結合超音波(HVU)及高壓處理結合超音波(HPU)萃取不同成熟度之木鱉果葉(嫩葉、成熟葉及老葉)，藉由比色法探討其抑制碳水化合物水解酶之效果，再使用HPLC分析其中之植化素成分，最後利用主成分分析(PCA)探討成分之貢獻度。結果顯示，木鱉果嫩葉萃取物其具有最高的總酚、總類黃酮含量、α-澱粉酶及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。在不同萃取方法中，HVU及HPU萃取之嫩葉其具有最佳總酚含量(5200 mg GAE/100 g DW)、總類黃酮含量(620 mg QE/100 g DW)，以及最佳抑制α-澱粉酶(42 %)和α-葡萄糖苷酶(38 %)之效果。經PCA分析後發現，香草酸及楊梅素對於α-澱粉酶及α-葡萄糖苷酶之抑制活性具有高貢獻度，其F值分別為24.42及18.01。經研究顯示，木鱉果葉萃取物可作為降低餐後高血糖症之藥品或食品補給品之天然原料，而HVU及HPU為較佳萃取方法，能有效萃取可抑制α-澱粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶之植化素成分。
並列摘要
Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) leaves have been used in traditional medicine as anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, and wound healer. However, information about phytonutrients of Gac leaves and their inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase is limited which can be used for hyperglycemia treatment. In this study, three emerging non-thermal extraction methods, including ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), high voltage electric field (HVEF), high pressure processing (HPP), the combination of HVEF and UAE (HVU), and the combination of HPP and UAE (HPU) were used to extract Gac leaves with different degrees of maturity (young - YL, mature - ML and old - OL leaves). The phytochemicals of the extracts were identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method and their inhibitory effects against carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes were determined by colorimetric method. Next, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess variability as the most contributor in the dataset. The results were then compared to those of conventional extraction method (C). Results indicated that the YL extract exhibited the highest phytochemicals content (total phenolics content – TPC and total flavonoids content – TFC), α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities in comparison with other samples. Among extraction methods, HVU and HPU treated YL samples showed the highest amounts of TPC (5200 mg GAE/100 g DW), TFC (620 mg QE/100 g DW) as well as the strongest α-glucosidase (38 %) and α-amylase (42 %) inhibitory effects. PCA results indicated that vanillic acid and myricetin had the most contributions to α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition ability with F-values of 24.42 and 18.01, respectively. This study showed that Gac leaves extract is a potential natural ingredient that can be used in drugs and food supplements to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia. Also, HVEF and HPP were found to be promising extraction technique for Gac leaves as they increased α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the extract.
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