從社區組織之能力建構探討社區的永續發展：
以屏東縣社區發展協會為例

本研究之目的是為了解屏東縣社區組織在社區中營運之情形，討論其如何透過能力建構來邁向社區永續發展。研究方法採質性深度訪談的方式進行，受訪對象以屏東縣績優社區中之社區發展協會的核心幹部為主，計有5個社區，每個社區各有1位受訪者。研究結果以四項社區能力構面為探討方向，於「社區領導與執行能力面向」中，人力以志工為主，透過辦理活動凝聚居民意識，困境以無專職文書處理人力為常態。針對此面向，社區工作者可專注於建立志工角色定位及個別化社區培力課程，透過確切的經驗傳承與陪伴促進人力知能，並在辦理活動的前置作業中，理解凝聚意識的涵義。於「社區合作與經濟能力面向」，財源籌措管道以申請計畫與民意代表經費為大宗，互動與合作對象則以當地縣府與公所為首要。針對此面向，社區組織為避免過度依賴計畫經費，應將社區產業再規劃，重新建構如何轉型為社會企業，與相關部門建立夥伴關係，促進跨領域整合。「社區建設與永續能力面向」部分，以社區活動中心為主要使用之場地。生態維護與景觀美化層面，採資源回收、再生能源和環境清潔等方式。休閒產業的發展則以農產類為主，手作類或休旅類為輔之模式來經營。組織可針對社區建設和環境進行維護與調查，定期保養、汰換相關設施，同時對社區欲經營的項目實施檢測，確保生態是否符合社區各項產業發展。而「社區特色與創新能力面向」中，組織透過社區互訪交流，學習他方經營社區的模式來促成社區創新，亦根據居民在生活周遭的需求為基礎，拓展社區面貌。在此層面，社區發展協會須回歸以社區為主體之文化，思量文化價值如何置於社區脈絡，使其自然地延伸出屬於自身特色的文化資本。

關鍵字

社區能力；永續社區；社區工作；社區發展協會

並列摘要

This study looks to understand how Pingtung County community organizations operated their affairs in the community and discusses how they used capacity building to create sustainable development for the community. The research method was conducted in the form of qualitative in-depth interviews. Most of the interviewees were core members in the community development associations from excellent communities in Pingtung County. In total, 5 communities were included, and each community had 1 interviewee. The results of this study are described through four aspects of community capacity. In the aspect of “community leadership and executive ability”, since most of the manpower was volunteers, although the community activities can bring cohesion to residents’ consensus, there is often a difficulty that no full-time administration staff can handle the activities. For this aspect, community workers can focus on establishing the position of volunteers and organizing individualized community training courses. Through the inheritance and companionship of exact experiences, the community may promote human knowledge and understand the meaning of cohesive consciousness in its preparations of an activity. In the aspect of “community cooperation and economic ability”, the community’s financing sources mainly come from application plans and elected representatives, and the interactive and cooperative subjects of the community are often the local county government and the township offices. For this aspect, in order to avoid excessive reliance on funding from application plans, the community organizations should re-strategize what industries are in the community, re-think how to transform themselves into social enterprises, and establish partnerships with relevant departments to promote interdisciplinary integration. In the aspect of “community construction and sustainable capability”, the community activity center is the main venue for use. Ecological maintenance and landscaping use the methods of resource recovery, renewable energy, and environmental cleanliness. The development of the leisure industry focuses on agricultural products, supplemented with handmade products or leisure tourism. This study suggests that the community organizations can conduct maintenance and investigations on community building and environment, regularly maintain and replace relevant facilities, and carry out tests on projects that the community wants to operate to ensure whether the requirement on ecological conservation is met during the development of various industries. In the aspect of “community characteristics and innovation ability”, the organizations promote community innovation by learning the operations of other communities via community visits and interaction. The organizations also have expanded their communities based on the needs of residents’ living environment. For this aspect, community development associations should return to a community-based culture, think about how to place culture values in the community, and allow the community to naturally extend its own cultural capital through special characteristics.

並列關鍵字

community capacity ； sustainable community ； community work ； community development association

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