飼糧中添加發酵豆粕取代魚粉對紅羽土雞生長性能、腸道性
狀以及血液生化值之影響

現今禽畜飼糧中，魚粉與大豆粕為常用之蛋白質來源，以供應動物生長所需。近幾年由於漁業資源的缺乏導致魚粉價格上漲，為了降低飼料成本而使用價格較低廉之大豆粕取代魚粉。大豆粕含有多種抗營養因子（anti-nutritional factors, ANFs），如胰蛋白酶抑制因子及凝集素等，會降低動物對飼糧中營養物之消化、吸收及利用，進而影響動物之生長與健康。大豆粕經微生物發酵後，可降低其抗營養因子之含量，並且提升大豆粕之營養分利用率。本試驗旨在探討，飼糧中添加發酵大豆粕（fermented soybean meal, FSBM）取代魚粉於紅羽土雞生長性能、腸道性狀及血液生化值之影響。試驗使用240隻1日齡紅羽土雞隨機分配至4個處理組，分別為A：控制組（基礎飼糧）；B：3%魚粉（fish meal, FM）；C：5%FSBM餵飼28天；D：5%FSBM餵飼84天之處理組。本試驗所使用之發酵大豆粕是以嗜酸乳桿菌（Lactobacillus acidophilus）進行發酵。試驗全期採任飼任飲，每週雞隻個別秤重並記錄採食量，實驗開始後分別在第4、8及12週進行犧牲採樣並分析生長性能、營養消化率、血液生化值、腸道菌相、腸道性狀。實驗結果顯示， C組於生長性能方面有改善紅羽土雞之體重、體增重、採食量及飼料轉換率之趨勢，且生長性能達到與魚粉組無顯著差異。由臟器重量結果顯示，飼糧添加發酵大豆粕可改善雞隻肝臟重量及母雞後期胸腺之重量。於營養消化率結果顯示飼糧中添加發酵大豆粕可顯著改善雞隻中期灰分消化率，及雞隻後期粗蛋白質消化率。餵飼發酵大豆粕組於血液生化值方面則可顯著增加前期之白蛋白含量、降低後期雞隻球蛋白含量及增加白球蛋白比；另可顯著降低前期公雞之三酸甘油脂及中期母雞之總膽固醇；免疫球蛋白方面，則可顯著提高免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG及IgM含量。由腸道菌相結果顯示，飼糧中添加發酵大豆粕顯著提高前及中期空腸乳酸桿菌含量，且後期之大腸桿菌數量顯著下降。於腸道型態方面，飼糧中添加發酵大豆粕可增加空腸及迴腸之絨毛高度，並降低腺窩深度，同時提高絨毛高度與腺窩深度之比值。綜合上述生長性能、腸道性狀及血液生化值結果評估，飼糧中添加發酵大豆粕可增加蛋白質消化率；提升血清中白蛋白含量，降低球蛋白、三酸甘油脂及總膽固醇之含量；增加腸道中乳酸菌含量並降低大腸桿菌含量以改善腸道健康。而於生長性能，對比控制組有改善之趨勢，且與魚粉組無顯著差異，因此發酵大豆粕可替代魚粉作為主要蛋白質來源並降低經濟成本。

關鍵字

血液生化值；發酵大豆粕；生長性能；腸道性狀；紅羽土雞

並列摘要

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) replacing fish meal in diet on growth performance, intestinal properties, intestinal microflora and serum biochemical parameters of red-feathered Taiwan country chickens. Two hundred and forty day-old red-feathered Taiwan country chickens (120 male and 120 female) were randomly allocated into four treatments for a 84-day feeding trial, which included a starter period (1 to 28 d), growing period (29 to 56 d) and finishing period (57 to 84 d). Each treatment had 4 replicates with 15 birds per pen. The four dietary treatments including A (Corn-SBM basal diet), B (3% fish meal), C (5 % FSBM for 28 days) and group D (5% FSBM for 84 days). Soybean meals were fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus. The chicks were allowed free access to water and experimental diets. Chicken from each group were sacrificed at the age of 28, 56 and 84 days respectively; growth performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal microflora, and blood biochemistry were analyzed. The results of growth performance showed that the order of the final weight was group C > B > A > D and there was no significant difference among treatments. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio had no significant difference among group B and C. Comparison with A group, liver weight of chicken and thymus weight of female chicken was improved when FSBM were supplemented in diets. For nutrients digestibility, ash digestibility of male chicken in group D had significantly increased than group A in growing period, and group C significantly increased digestibility of crude protein than group A in finishing period. For blood biochemistry, compared to group A, group D had significantly decreased triglyceride of male chicken in starter period, total cholesterol of female chicken in growing period and globulin in finishing period; increased albumin in starter period and increased albumin/globulin ratio of female chickens in finishing period; group C had significantly increased Immunoglobulin A level at 84 days. For intestinal microbial, group D had significantly increased lactobacilli counts in jejunum than control group of female chickens at 28 and 56 days, and significantly decreased Coliforms in jejunum. For intestinal morphology, group C and D had higher villus height in ileum than control group of female chickens at 28 days. Compared to A group, group D had significantly decreased crypt depth in jejunum of male chickens at 56 days. At 84 days, group C had significantly decreased crypt depth in jejunum compared with group B and increased villus height in ileum than group A in male chickens. In summary, dietary FSBM supplementation improved crude protein and ash digestibility, increased albumin/globulin ratio, decreased triglyceride and total cholesterol concentration, also increased lactobacilli and decreased Coliforms content. In terms of growth performance, the effect of FSBM is similar to that of fish meal, therefore FSBM has the potential to replace fish meal as a protein source candidate.

並列關鍵字

Fermented soybean meal ； Growth performance ； Intestinal properties ； Intestinal microbial ； Red-feathered Taiwan country chickens ； Serum biochemical parameters