以地理網絡分析嘉義縣學齡青少年身體質量指數

肥胖是慢性病的警示燈且罹患慢性病的年齡有下降之趨勢，而青少年因肥胖率日益增加，對健康產生威脅，本研究擬瞭解青少年BMI分佈與肥胖率，並探討就讀區域與體位關聯性。研究者以嘉義縣立國小、國中及高中生為對象，研究結果如下：研究對象共計8062位，男生4162位，女生3900位，以就讀於半都會區最多，都會區最少；隨著年級增加不論男生或女生，其BMI逐漸升高且男生均大於女生；國小男及女生過重或肥胖比率，分別約40.3%及28.1%；國中男及女生分別約32.9%及27.5%；高中男及女生則分別約31.1%及27.9%。分析發現男、女性及國小、國中與高中生的BMI，均有顯著性差異存在，其中男生過重及肥胖比率均高於女生；國小生肥胖比率高於國中及高中生，而高中生過重比率則高於國小及國中生；不同性別之國小、國中生，其體位有顯著性差異存在，男生過重及肥胖比率均高於女生；不同性別之高中生，其體位亦有顯著性差異存在，男生肥胖比率高於女生，女生過重比率則高於男生；就讀於不同學校之高中女生，其體位有顯著之差異性，推測可能與隔代教養及學校附近有多間飲料店及快餐店有關。研究建議宜針對國小及國中生加強體重控制，另在外食時應選購低鹽、低油及低糖的食物並減少含糖飲料，以期降低學生過重或肥胖發生率。

關鍵字

地理網絡；食安； BMI

並列摘要

Obesity is a warning sign for chronic disease and there’s a tendency for the lowering age of having chronic disease. The rate of obesity among children and adolescents are increasing progressively which has caused severe threats to health. Accordingly, this research aims at understanding the BMI trend and the prevalence of obesity among schoolchildren in different studying regions and also exploring the relationship between the studying area and the body figure. The participants of this research are the students from primary to senior high school in Chiayi County and the results are presented as the following. The number of the participants are 8062 in total including 4162 boys and 3900 girls. Most of them are studying in the semimetropolitan region, and the fewest students are studying in the metropolitan region. Regardless of gender, the BMI of students will gradually rise along with the entering in higher grade stages. Besides, the BMI values of men are all higher than women. In primary school, 40.3% of boys and 28.1% of girls are overweight and have obesity. The rate of overweight and obesity for junior high boys is 32.9% and for the girls is 27.5%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity for boys and girls in high school are 31.1% and 27.9% respectively. The statistics suggest that there’s a significant disparity in BMI between male and female; and also among the students from primary school, junior high and high school. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among boys are both higher than the girls. The ratio of obesity among primary school students is much higher than the junior high and high school students. The overweight rate of high school students is higher than the students in primary school and junior high. Different sexes among primary and junior high school students have prominent disparity in body figures. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among boys are both higher than the girls. The different genders of high school students reflect the huge difference in body figure. Males have higher rates of obesity than females and the rate of overweight for women is higher than men. For the girls studying in different high schools, their body figures have significant difference, and it is assumed that this may be related to the grandparenting and also there are many drink shops and fast food stores around the school. The research suggests that the weight control should be more emphasized especially for primary and junior high students. Furthermore, it is supposed to choose food with low-salt, less oil and low sugar while eating out so as to be in anticipation of lowering the occurrence rate of overweight and obesity among students.