科學實證處遇毒癮收容人之自我效能、再犯風險及處遇滿意程度之研究－以屏東監獄為例

本研究之目的是為了解科學實證處遇模式對毒癮收容人的特性，探討科學實證對於毒癮收容人之自我效能、再犯危險性以及處遇滿意度之間的差異性及相關性。研究方法採量化研究方式進行，應用基本資料調查表、自我效能、再犯風險評估表和處遇滿意度等問卷之次級資料作為分析，主要條件為參與法務部矯正署屏東監獄科學實證處遇之毒品收容人，並以施用一、二級毒品之毒癮收容人為研究對象，共取得樣本數共105份。本研究發現，接受科學實證處遇之毒癮收容人年齡逐漸從青壯年期趨向壯年期及老年期，顯示監獄有老年化之趨勢；第一次接觸毒品史較為年輕，在社經地位以低、中社經地位為主；長期的生活壓力使其不斷使用毒品及入監，嚴重影響自我自信心、生活、人際關係、婚姻關係及家庭等。透過科學實證處遇七大面向課程使其發覺自我問題及勇於面對未來的生活及挑戰，其中在婚姻次數、婚姻年限與自我效能中獲得正向的認同；在再犯危險性中對於教育程度、施用毒品種類以及施用毒品原因都是再犯的危險因子，針對相關因子進行討論及面對問題以解決問題；而單因子共變數更是釐清組間之關係，發現課程進行後婚姻次數會影響自我效能之改變。毒癮收容人自我效能、再犯風險性之相關性為負向顯著性，自我效能與滿意度之相關性呈現正向顯著性，最後，依據研究結果，針對毒癮者、助人工作者以及矯正機關面提出建議。

關鍵字

毒癮收容人；自我效能；再犯危險性

並列摘要

This study aims to understand the characteristics of the scientific empirical treatment model for drug addicts, and to explore the scientific empirical differences and correlations among self-efficacy, recidivism risk, and treatment satisfaction in drug addicts. The study adopted quantitative research with the secondary data, including the Basic Information Questionnaire, Self-efficacy, the Recidivism Risk Assessment and the Treatment Satisfaction, for analysis. The main condition as research objects is that they should be drug addicts, especially the first/second grade ones, who participated in the scientific empirical treatment in the Pingtung Prison administered by the Agency of Corrections, MOJ. A total of 105 pieces of sampling were retrieved thereby. As found in this study, the age of drug addicts receiving scientific empirical treatment gradually shifted from young adulthood to later adulthood and old age, indicating there was an aging tendency in prison. Users exposed to drugs for the first time tended to be younger and lower in socioeconomic status; long-term life pressure even made them subject to drug abuse and end up in prison, seriously affecting their self-confidence, life, interpersonal relationships, marriages and family. Through scientific empirical approach to seven major courses, drug addicts could identify their own problems and face future life and challenges bravely, in which they obtained positive recognition in the number of marriages, marriage length and self-efficacy. In addition, regarding risk of recidivism, educational level, types of drug use and reasons for drug use were risk factors for reoffending, which were discussed for solutions. The one-way ANOVA was to clarify the relationship between groups, and the number of marriages affected the change of self-efficacy after the courses. The correlation between self-efficacy and recidivism risk among drug addicts was negatively significant, while the correlation between self-efficacy and satisfaction was positively significant. Lastly, based on the study results, suggestions were proposed for the drug addicts, help workers and correctional institutes.