鴿子副黏液病毒不活化疫苗之研發

Development of Inactivated Vaccine Against Pigeon Paramyxovirus

林宥任(Yu-Jen Lin)

指導教授 ： 柯冠銘

國立屏東科技大學/獸醫學院/動物疫苗科技研究所/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST202200052

摘要

鴿子副黏液病毒第一型(Pigeon paramyxovirus type 1;PPMV-1)在環境中傳播速度非常快且具有很強的傳染能力，會引起食慾不振、神經症狀及高死亡率，造成嚴重經濟損失。1978年首次在中東的肉鴿中發現了PPMV-1。之後在1980年代初期，該病毒隨之於歐洲和北美開始擴散，在許多飼主家中的賽鴿被檢測到，其中可能是經由飼料或糞便傳播。本研究目的是將研究室所分離鴿子副黏液病毒培養馴化，篩選低毒力、高抗原性種毒株並研發出不活化疫苗與制定出最佳免疫程序。馴化之PPMV-1藉由血球凝集 (Hemagglutination; HA)、TCID50以及EID50測定其病毒量，並搭配水油水或油質佐劑製成不活化疫苗，最後施打於鴿子中進行安全及效力之評估。本研究以BHK-21細胞培養PPMV-1經40代馴化其病毒量可達到108TCID50/mL，用SPF蛋培養其病毒量可達109EID50/mL，以兩種不同的培養方式培養之PPMV-1經福馬林不活化後與不同佐劑乳化，施打於鴿子進行效力、安定性之評估。結果顯示添加108EID50/mL與 Ishii搭配水油水佐劑製成不活化疫苗免疫鴿隻測定抗體力價，其抗體力價結果優於商用疫苗組，鴿隻攻毒後陰性對照組有排毒現象，而施打疫苗組別未從糞便中檢測到病毒，表示製備出的PPMV-1疫苗具有發展成商用疫苗之潛能。

關鍵字

鴿子副黏液病毒 ； 不活化疫苗 ； 佐劑

並列摘要

Pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) spreads very fast in the environment and is strongly infectious. It causes loss of appetite, neurological symptoms, and high mortality resulted in serious economic losses. PPMV-1 was first discovered in meat pigeons in the Middle East in 1978. Later, in the early 1980s, the virus began to spread in Europe and North America. It was detected from racing pigeons in breeding environment, which may have been spread through feed or feces. In this study, the pigeon paramyxovirus was isolated in the laboratory, and then sub-cultured in BHK-21 cell. For attenuating virulence the vaccine was derived from low-virulence and high-antigenic strains. The viral load of domesticated was tested against Hemagglutination (HA), TCID50 and EID50. Two types of inactivated vaccine by formalin were emulsificated with water in oil in water and water in oil adjuvants, and then administered to pigeons for safety and efficacy evaluation. After 40 generations of domestication, production of PPMV-1 can reach 108TCID50/mL via culture in BHK-21 cells, and 109EID50/mL via culture in SPF eggs. This study showed the safety and efficacy evaluation of PPMV-1, which was cultured by two different methods, and emulsified using different adjuvant through administering to pigeons. The results showed that the group of 108EID50/mL PPMV-1 and Ishii with S550 adjuvant has a higher antibody titer in pigeons compared with commercial vaccine. After challenge, feces were detected virus in control group, not vaccinated group, indicating that the PPMV-1 vaccine has potential to be developed into commercial vaccine.

並列關鍵字

Pigeon Paramyxovirus ； Adjuvant ； Inactivated vaccine

參考文獻

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