台灣地區鴿子環狀病毒與腺病毒調查

台灣每年約有10萬隻幼鴿投入市場，加上中國市場估計遠超過5000億新台幣以上。因鴿群頻繁接觸，疾病傳播變得更快速，鴿子環狀病毒以2-3月齡幼鴿傷害最重，俗稱幼鴿疾病綜合症，感染後引發免疫抑制且無疫苗。鴿子感染腺病毒時，幼鴿重症感染3-4天致死率高且會造成全鴿群感染，又稱賽鴿急性嗉囊炎，目前無疫苗可用。這兩個病毒嚴重困擾鴿群的健康又造成產業巨大的損失，所以進行了台灣鴿子環狀病毒與腺病毒感染比率與盛行率調查。在台灣北區、中區、南區等3區，為期2年，收集720個樣本，進行聚合酶鏈鎖反應檢驗。分析感染比例與區域、季節、年齡、性別、飼養方式與階段等之交互關係。結果顯示，從感染比例來說感染鴿子環狀病毒為70.8%、腺病毒有13.9%。由區域分佈結果顯示，北部鴿子感染環狀病毒為19.4%、中部為22.2%、南部則有29.2%，北部鴿子感染腺病毒為3.9%、中部為4.4%、南部為5.6%。若以年齡來看未滿1月齡鴿子感染環狀病毒為19.4%、1-3月齡為33.3%、3-12月齡為16.7%、12月齡以上為1.4%；而感染腺病毒未滿1月齡鴿子為2.8%、1-3月齡為5.8%、3-12月齡為4.2%，12月齡以上為1.1%。從性別上分析，公鴿感染環狀病毒為35%、而感染腺病毒為6.25%，母鴿感染環狀病毒為35.8%、感染腺病毒為7.6%。若以飼養方式區分，賽鴿感染環狀病毒為69.4%、腺病毒為12.8%。種鴿感染環狀病毒為1.4%、感染腺病毒為1.1%。在飼養階段不同規則下分為育雛期感染環狀病毒為23.3%、感染腺病毒為3.3%。訓練期感染環狀病毒為53.3%、感染腺病毒為8.3%。比賽期感染環狀病毒為5.3%、感染腺病毒為3%。而環狀病毒與腺病毒發生在各季節中所占的比例分別以冬季(環狀病毒23.9%、腺病毒6%)最高，其次為春季(環狀病毒18.6%、腺病毒3.9%)，再次之為秋季(環狀病毒16.1%、腺病毒2.5%)，夏季最少(環狀病毒12.2%、腺病毒1.5%)。期望調查結果讓飼養者及獸醫師在面對這兩疾病的預防控制管理與臨床治療上能提供重要的參考依據。

關鍵字

鴿子；環狀病毒；腺病毒；聚合酶鏈鎖反應

並列摘要

About 100,000 young pigeons are put on the market in Taiwan every year, and the Chinese market is estimated to be well over NT $ 500 billion. The disease spreads more quickly due to frequent contact with the pigeons. Pigeon circovirus is the most serious injury to young birds of 2-3 months old, commonly known as young pigeon disease syndrome. It causes immune suppression and no vaccine after infection. When the pigeons are infected by adenovirus, young pigeons seriously infected for 3-4 days have higher mortality rate, and the whole pigeons live in a same animal house are infected. Also known as pigeon acute inflammation of the crop. Currently, no vaccine is available. These two viruses cause seriously diseases in the pigeons and caused huge losses in the industry. This investigation was conducted on the ratio and prevalence of pigeon circovirus and adenovirus infection in Taiwan. In northern, central, and southern Taiwan, a total of 720 samples were collected for a period of 2 years and tested by polymerase chain reaction. The relationship between the proportion of infection and was analyzed the region, season, age, gender, feeding methods and stages. The results showed that from the proportion of infection, 70.8% of pigeon circoviruses and 13.9% of adenoviruses were infected. From the regional distribution, the pigeons from northern Taiwan infected with circovirus were 19.4%, the central Taiwan was 22.2%, and the southern Taiwan was 29.2%; the pigeons from northern Taiwan infected with adenovirus were 3.9%, the central Taiwan was 4.4%, and the southern Taiwan was 5.6%. According to the age, the pigeons infected with circovirus under the age of 1 month was 19.4%, 1-3 months old was 33.3%, 3-12 months old was 16.7%, and more than 12 months old was 1.4%; the pigeons infected with adenovirus under the age of 1 month was 2.8%, 1-3 months old was 5.8%, 3-12 months old was 4.2%, and more than 12 months old was 1.1%. From the gender analysis, in males, the pigeon circovirus was 35%, the pigeon adenovirus was 6.25%, in females, the pigeon circovirus was 35.8%, and the pigeon adenovirus was 7.6%. In the feeding method, the racing pigeon circovirus was 69.4%, the racing pigeon adenovirus was 12.8%, the breeding pigeon circovirus was 1.4%, and the breeding pigeon adenovirus was 1.1%. In the different rules of the rearing stage, in the brooding period the pigeon circovirus was 23.3% and the pigeon adenovirus was 3.3%. During the training period, the pigeon circovirus was 53.3% and the pigeon adenovirus was 8.3%. In the competition period, the pigeon circovirus was 5.3% and the pigeon adenovirus was 3%. The proportion of circovirus and adenovirus in each season is highest in winter (23.9% of circovirus and 6% of adenovirus), followed by spring (18.6% of circovirus and 3.9% of adenovirus). The third is autumn (16. 1% of circovirus, 2.5% of adenovirus), and the least in summer (12.2% of circovirus, 1.5% of adenovirus). It is hoped that the survey results will provide important reference for breeders and veterinarians in the management and clinical treatment of these two diseases.