社區民眾對於日間照顧中心之知識、態度與行為研究

我國在人口老化的背景下，失能人口數逐漸攀升，使著長期照顧的需求增加，社區式服務逐漸成為長期照顧的重點發展，日間照顧被視為是非機構式的喘息照顧服務，其服務內容既有機構式照顧的專業，透過社區式多元的照顧服務體系讓長者保有過往熟悉生的生活方式及自由，因此逐漸被受重視但使用率卻不高，故本研究目的為：探討社區民眾對於日間照顧中心知識、態度及行為之間的關係，其研究問題為探討社區民眾對於日間照顧中心知識、態度的影響因素，更進一步探討社區民眾對於日間照顧中心的知識與態度是否影響到日間照顧中心行為。本研究是以量化研究方式進行，研究母體是對居住於屏東縣地區、年滿18歲以上之社區民眾，採用立意取樣的抽樣方法，總計回收的研究樣本為362位，回收率達 97.57%。研究結果發現社區民眾對日間照顧中心知識以「是否有照顧過失智者的經驗」最為重要，接著是社區民眾對日間照顧中心態度以「是否有照顧過失能者的經驗」最為重要；社區民眾對日間照顧中心知識、態度與行為相關因素探討結果發現：1.「經驗知識」越佳者，「使用意願」越高；2.「情感因素」越多，「使用意願」越高；3.「認知因素」越多，「使用意願」越高；4.「行動因素」越佳，「使用意願」越高。依據研究結果提出建議，依序為實務面與專業工作。首先是實務面，期望增加服務宣導的管道，並強化社區照顧服務資源網絡，增加宣導場次及服務觀念等課程，進行有效之溝通與宣導工作，其次為加強宣導日間照顧服務的正向功能與意義，降低服務使用者在選擇服務時可能承受的污名及抗拒。專業工作則是期望建立服務體驗制度，讓服務使用者在決定使用日間照顧服務之前，可以獲得更多的服務資訊，擁有服務使用的判斷能力與資訊，以利適應未來於日間照顧中心的生活，其次為評估服務使用者對生活上的需求，讓個案有更多的自主選擇機會，落實個別化服務，讓服務使用者在日間照顧中心有選擇性，不必按表操課，提供選擇自己可以想參加的活動或是想做的事情，最後則是建立跨專業團隊的合作機制，透過不同專業的整合與彼此合作，滿足日間照顧中心的服務需求，減少服務量能不足的現象，進而提升整體服務品質。關鍵詞：日間照顧、知識、態度、行為

關鍵字

日間照顧；知識；態度；行為

並列摘要

As the Taiwanese population ages, the number of its disabled population continues to rise, along with the demand for daycare services. There has been a shift of focus toward community-based daycare services in long-term care, as such services are widely viewed as a non-institutional solution for respite care providers. The said services are characterized by the professionality of daycare facilities; they enable seniors to enjoy life as usual while maintaining their personal freedom, all guaranteed by a diverse community-based system. Nevertheless, community-based daycare services are not as ubiquitous as suggested by the wide attention they have been receiving lately. In light of the above situation, this study explored the correlation between a community’s knowledge and perception of its daycare centers and the facilities’ behavior, factors affecting the community’s knowledge and perception of its daycare centers, and whether the community’s knowledge and perception of its daycare centers affect the facilities’ behavior. The subjects of this study were residents aged over 18 in a community located in Pingtung County; the analysis was undertaken by quantitative research methods. Samples were collected via purposive sampling; a total of 362 samples were collected, amounting to a recovery rate of 97.57%. The findings identified the experience of caring for patients with dementia as the most significant factor affecting the community’s knowledge of daycare centers, while the most noticeable factor affecting the community’s perception of its daycare centers turned out to be the experience of caring for the disabled. The study on factors affecting the community’s knowledge and perception of its daycare centers and the facilities’ behavior pointed to the following. Firstly, the more experiential knowledge a user had, the higher his/her willingness to use a daycare facility. Secondly, there was a positive correlation between emotional factors and the willingness to use daycare facilities. Thirdly, the willingness to use daycare facilities grew as perceptual factors increased. Finally, a user was more willing to use a daycare facility when he/she had stronger action factors. Based on the research findings, this paper provided suggestions for improving the administration and practice of daycare centers. In terms of administration, daycare centers are encouraged to expand their communication with the community, teaching people more about their services through educational events and courses, and bolstering their networks for providing care services. They should also educate the community about the positive effects and meaning of daycare services to avoid stigmatization against people using daycare services, and alleviate people’s resistance to such services. As for daycare practice, daycare centers should let users try their services before using them, so they can make informed decisions based on their understanding of such services and adapt better to life inside daycare facilities. Daycare centers should also assess users’ needs and provide them with more autonomy to choose; this goal can be achieved by customizing services for users, so they have a say about activities they wish to engage in. Finally, daycare centers should establish mechanisms for interdisciplinary cooperation. By joining forces with professionals across different fields, daycare centers should be able to satisfy the needs of their users, maintain adequate service capacity, and enhance the quality of their services. Keywords: day care, knowledge, attitude, behavior