台灣鸚鵡多瘤病毒及鸚鵡喙羽病之調查

Survey of Avian Polyomavirus and Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease Virus in Parrot of Taiwan

蔡孟達(Tsai Meng-Ta)

指導教授 ： 吳弘毅

國立屏東科技大學/獸醫學院/獸醫學系所/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/THE.NPUST.VM.002.2018.D07

摘要

近年來由於台灣社會生活形態的改變，對於伴侶動物的重視度是日漸高漲，而飼養鳥的飼主也越來越多，由其以鸚鵡飼養量是每年都有增加的趨勢，台灣觀賞鳥養殖的產值，單是鸚鵡類最高可達七十億元，也相對的國人對於伴侶動物的營養與健康也越來越重視。多瘤病毒(Avian Polyomavirus, APV)主要在鸚鵡的雛鳥造成急性全身性的症狀，又稱小鸚哥病，由於所有的年齡的鸚鵡科鳥類皆可被感染，感染之臨床症狀的死亡率和感染的年齡有關。雛鳥可能在尚未出現臨床症狀前就急性猝死，未發生猝死的雛鳥則會有臨床症狀的出現，包括明顯的對稱性掉羽、腹部腫大、皮膚變色、皮下出血，有時還會出現神經症狀，如頭頸的震顫、共濟失調。鸚鵡喙羽病病毒(Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease, PBFD)可感染鸚鵡科鳥類，臨床症狀包括體重減輕、羽毛發育不良、 脫毛及喙部會有畸型情況，及會損害免疫組織器官、抑制免疫系統，並會造成敗血症性肺炎及腸炎嚴重時會致死，是發生率很高且普遍性存在的疾病。本研究每個月分別在北、中、南區各收集20個樣本，每個月共收集60個樣本，一年共收集720個樣本分別抽出DNA，再進行聚合酶鏈鎖反應(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)來偵測此二種病毒，探討年齡、季節、品系、飼養環境的盛行率和死亡率與病毒的變異，提供臨床獸醫師增加對此二種病毒的了解，以協助病毒的防疫。本研究完成PCR檢測技術的建立，結果顯示鸚鵡的多瘤病毒、喙羽病毒皆在春季及秋季發生的比率最高，在幼鳥病例最多，大量飼養場病例最多，月輪鸚鵡病例最多，鸚鵡的喙羽病毒的病例最多。

關鍵字

多瘤病毒 ； 鸚鵡喙羽病毒 ； 聚合酶鏈鎖反應

並列摘要

Polyomavirus (APV) mainly causes acute systemic symptoms, also known as small parrot disease, which happens on the psittacine chicks. All age of the parrot birds could potentially been infected. If being infected, the death rate of clinical symptoms is related to the age of infection. Part of the chicks may die suddenly before the clinical symptoms of acute appeared; whereas the chicks that survive will have the appearance of clinical symptoms. These symptoms of the survival include obvious ones: symmetrical drop-out of feathers, abdominal distention, dyschromia, subcutaneous hemorrhage, and sometimes neurological symptoms the tremor of head and neck ataxia. Psittacine beak and feather disease virus (PBFDV) can infect parrot. The clinical symptoms include weight loss, underdeveloped feathers, hair removal and beak malformation. PBFDV also damages on the immune tissues and organs, suppress the immune system, and even cause pneumonia and sepsis enteritis. If severe it causes death. PBFD has very high incidence. The study will take samples from the Northern, Central and Southern parts. Sixty samples will be collected in every month, and a total of 720 blood samples will be collected in a year. Each sample were extracted DNA, then use the primers to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to in the document. The result is complete PCR assay for detection technology, preliminary results showed that APV and PBFDV ratio both in the spring and fall with the highest occurrence, whereas most proportion occur in psittacine chicks, Large farms and Psittacula krameri. PBFD in psittacus is most proportion.

並列關鍵字

avian polyomavirus ； psittacine beak and feather disease virus ； polymerase chain reaction

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