空軍修護作業人員對於細懸浮微粒（PM2.5）之防護認知與探討—以屏東機場為例

根據2017年衛生福利部公布最新統計資料國人十大死因中，最高位為癌症，第2~4名分別為心臟疾病、肺炎、腦血管疾病，近年來許多研究證實上述死因與細懸浮微粒有密切關係。國軍修護後勤單位成效是國防未來的整體戰力表現，後勤整備為戰備成敗的關鍵；從事國防事業的國軍人員要面對戰場險惡的環境，所學多樣無法與一般工作相比，不同時期也會輪調不同的工作內容，而每項工作職業災害不同，修護作業環境脫離不了危險因子，空軍修護作業主要從事飛機及防空武器之維修，作業環境大多暴露在細懸浮微粒中，而細懸浮微粒導致罹患心血管疾病人數日益增加之趨勢，因此，作為中華民國的武裝部隊的一員，有責任探討空軍修護作業人員對於作業環境細懸浮微粒認知與防護情形。本研究以屏東機場內的空軍修護作業人員為研究對象，以隨機抽樣進行調查，回收有效問卷為300份，問卷回收後以描述統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析及卡方檢定考驗等統計方法進行分析。研究資料結果顯示：（1）有31.7%人員「暸解」何謂細懸浮微粒，「非常暸解」11.7%，合計有43.4%人員暸解；有46.0%人員「暸解」自身作業場所暴露於細懸浮微粒中，「非常暸解」13.3%，合計有59.3%人員暸解。（2）在細懸浮微粒之認知程度顯示，專科/大學、研究所以上畢業高於高中以下畢業。（3）在細懸浮微粒之健康影響顯示：人員不會因為背景不同而對健康影響感受有所不同的差異。（4）在細懸浮微粒之因應認知與期許程度顯示：31歲以上人員高於30歲以下人員，專科/大學、研究所以上畢業高於高中以下畢業，從大眾傳播媒體得知高於從親朋好友或師長得知。本研究發現修護作業人員對於作業環境中細懸浮微粒危害認知頗高，但對細懸浮微粒定義並不完全暸解，代表人員明白細懸浮微粒對人體有害，但並不知道如何造成人體傷害；建議各單位可將細懸浮微粒介紹納入宣導職業安全衛生教育訓練中，使人員提升認知程度；除了嚴格督促人員自身防護外，且注重各作業環境作業流程、通風設備等須合乎規定，以符合修護人員希望單位對細懸浮微粒的重視。關鍵字：空軍修護作業、細懸浮微粒、細懸浮微粒健康危害、問卷

關鍵字

細懸浮微粒；空軍；作業人員；屏東機場

並列摘要

According to the 2017 statistics on the top ten leading causes of death in Taiwan published by Taiwan’s Ministry of Health and Welfare, the top leading cause is cancer, followed by heart disease, pneumonia, and cerebrovascular disease. Many recent studies have confirmed that these causes of death are closely associated with fine suspended particulates. The performance of an armed force’s maintenance and logistics units is a reflection of its overall combat power, and logistics play a critical role in successful war preparations. Armed forces personnel are likely to encounter perilous environments on the battlefield and are likely to engage in far more diversified working environments than people in other careers. Furthermore, armed forces personnel are rotated through different stations throughout their service, and the occupational hazard level of each station may differ. For example, air force repair and maintenance operations generally involve the repair of military aircraft and air defense weapons. Hence, air force repair and maintenance personnel are often exposed to fine suspended particulates in their work environment. Ever increasing numbers of air force repair and maintenance personnel are affected by cardiovascular diseases due to fine suspended particulate exposure; this highlights the fact that air force repair and maintenance personnel are unable to avoid the health dangers posed by their work environment. Therefore, this study examined the knowledge of Taiwan’s air force repair and maintenance personnel regarding fine suspended particulates in their working environment as well as the preventive and protective measures they take against such particulates. Air force repair and maintenance personnel based at Pingtung Airbase were taken as the study sample. A survey study design was employed with random sampling used to select the study participants. A total of 300 valid questionnaires were retrieved. Subsequently, various statistical analyses were conducted to analyze the data, including descriptive statistical analyses, independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and chi-squared tests. The analysis results indicated the following: (1) 31.7% of participants had “an understanding” about what fine suspended particulates are, whereas 11.7% of participants had “an extensive understanding” about what fine suspended particulates are, giving a total of 43.4% of the study sample who had some idea of what fine suspended particulates are. Furthermore, 46.0% of participants had “an understanding” that they are exposed to fine suspended particulates in their working environment, and 13.3% of participants had “an extensive understanding” of this fact, amounting to 59.3% of the study sample. (2) Regarding participants’ knowledge of fine suspended particulates, participants with a diploma, bachelor degree, or graduate degree qualification had more knowledge compared with participants with a high school or below qualification. (3) The analysis results for the perceived health effects indicated that participants’ demographic backgrounds did not influence the perceived health effects of fine suspended particulates. (4) Regarding coping knowledge and expectation level, participants who were aged 31 years and over had a higher level of coping knowledge and expectation compared with participants who were aged 30 years and under; moreover, participants with a graduate degree had a higher level of coping knowledge and expectation compared with participants with a high school or below qualification, and participants who gained their relevant knowledge from the mass media had a higher level of coping knowledge and expectation compared to participants who gained their knowledge from their family members, friends, or teachers. Overall, the study results revealed that Taiwan’s air force repair and maintenance personnel have a reasonable level of knowledge about the hazards of fine suspended particulates that exist in their working environment. However, they do not have a clear understanding about the definition of fine suspended particulates. Thus, Taiwan’s air force repair and maintenance personnel understand that fine suspended particulates are harmful to the human body, but they are unsure about the mechanism through which this occurs. To increase the knowledge levels of Taiwan’s air force repair and maintenance personnel on this topic, the relevant departments and units should include detailed information about fine suspended particulates into the mandatory occupational safety and health education and training courses. Additionally, the study results revealed that the participants wanted the relevant authorities to acknowledge the existence of fine suspended particulates in their workplace and the potential hazards they bring. Therefore, the relevant authorities should periodically remind air force repair and maintenance personnel to take protective measures against fine suspended particulates. Additionally, the authorities should ensure that the operational procedures and ventilation facilities available to air force repair and maintenance personnel are in line with the required standards at all times. Keywords: air force repair and maintenance operation, fine suspended particulates, health hazards of fine suspended particulates, questionnaire