越南湄公河三角洲農業合作社之稻農生產力之研究

Measuring the efficiency of rice farmers in agricultural cooperatives in Mekong Delta, Vietnam

黎竹玲(Le Truc Linh)

指導教授 ： 李栢浡 ； 彭克仲

國立屏東科技大學/國際學院/熱帶農業暨國際合作系/博士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/DIS.NPUST.TAIC.017.2018.D04

摘要

摘要
湄公河三角洲的農民在個別小農場獨立工作，生產質量不高，對農產品的投入雖高，但生產量低。因此，這些產品在市場上是無競爭力的，也因此農民具有較低的收入。另一方面，農業合作社被認為是促進農村發展的關鍵要素之一。理論上合作社將小型個體生產者整合在一起，以獲得規模經濟，從而實現降低生產的成本。本研究的目的是使用隨機邊界分析（SFA）和資料包絡分析（DEA）來估算和比較越南特拉溫和東泰省各省農民的效率。本研究使用情境相依資料包絡分析 (Context-Dependent DEA) 評估了東泰省農業合作社的技術效率和表現。結果顯示，與個別農場相比，合作農場的效率（86.85％和80.29％）和利潤（0.670和0.643）均高於主要個別農場。進一步分析具有較高的教育水平，在水稻種植方面的經驗豐富，家庭規模較大，與水稻生產技術和利潤的提高有關。在抽樣研究區域內的稻農平均成本效益和配置效率分別為73.4和90.7，合作社的社員資格對這些效率產生了正面的影響。此外，發現稻田規模，信貸准入和培訓對農場的技術和成本效益產生了顯著的負面
影響，結果說明，通過採用新技術及適當的投入，對水稻生產效率提高具有影響。進一步提高小規模稻農效率的分析，結果發現針對個體農民的技術培訓應受到更多關注。除了農民獲得信貸機會的機會之外，還需要提供有關管理技能的培訓，以達效率的改善。農業合作社效率分析的結果表明，平均技術效率相對較低，分別在固定規模報酬合變動規模報酬下分別為0.58和0.72，這意味著這些合作社可以通過調整投入的使用來提高技術效率。技術效率為1的合作社只有8個（12.5％）。雖然它們都為高效率，但它們在從情境相依資料包絡分析獲得的吸引力分數上差異很大。情境相依資料包絡分析 (Context-Dependent DEA) 將是一個合適的工具，因為它依賴於一個數學規劃模型，從而允許合作社的官員評估和促進農業合作社的發展;農民選擇最佳選拔方案也可能有助於培養他們，並可根據吸引力得分進行後續參與。

關鍵字

關鍵字 ； 技術效率 ； 利潤效率 ； 成本效益 ； 稻農 ； 隨機邊界分析 ； 資料包絡分析 ； 湄公河三角洲

並列摘要

Abstract
Individual farmers in the Mekong Delta work independently on small farms and produce small quantities of agricultural products with unstable quality, high input, and production costs. As a result, the products are uncompetitive in the marketplace and low incomes are generated along the line. On the other hand, agricultural cooperatives are considered as one of the key elements to foster rural development. Cooperatives shall, theoretically, integrate small individual producers together as a whole to gain the economies of scale so that the lower cost can be realized. In the context of the Mekong Delta, studies on the efficiency of rice farmers which taking into account the membership of cooperative and studies related to agricultural cooperatives efficiency are quite limited. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to estimate and compare the efficiency of rice farmers in Tra Vinh and Dong Thap provinces of Vietnam, using stochastic frontier analysis (SFA)
and data envelopment analysis (DEA). This study also evaluated the technical efficiency and performances of agricultural cooperatives in Dong Thap province using the context-dependent DEA.
The results showed that the higher efficiencies mainly identified for the cooperative farms compared to those in individual farms including the technical ones (86.85% and 80.29%) and the profit ones (0.670 and 0.643). Having a higher education level, being more experienced in rice growing, and possessing a larger household size were related to higher technical and profit efficiencies in rice production. The average cost efficiency and allocative efficiency of the rice farmers in the sampled study areas were 73.4 and 90.7 and membership of cooperative was found to have positive effects on these efficiencies. In addition, rice farm size, credit access, and training were found to have significantly negative effects on technical and cost efficiencies of farms. The results indicated that there is great potential for the efficiency improvement in rice production by adopting new technology, using appropriate and balanced inputs. Recommendations were drawn from the findings for further improvements in the efficiency of small-scale rice farmers. Technical training targeting individual farmers should receive more attention. In addition to better chance of credit access for the farmers, it is also necessary to provide training on managerial skills for their efficient improvements.
The findings of the efficiency analysis on agricultural cooperatives showed that the average technical efficiency was fairly low, 0.58 and 0.72 under constant returns to scale and variable returns to scale, respectively. This implies that these cooperatives could improve their efficiency by adjusting the use of inputs. Only eight cooperatives (12.5%) are fully efficient with the technical efficiency score of one. Although they are all efficient, they largely differ in attractiveness scores obtained from the context-dependent DEA. The context-dependent DEA would be an appropriate tool because it relies on a mathematical programming model so that it would allow the cooperative’s officials to evaluate and facilitate the development of agricultural cooperatives; and it would be also useful for farmers to select the best option for their cultivation and may lead to follow-up participation based upon the attractiveness scores.

並列關鍵字

Keywords ； technical efficiency ； profit efficiency ； cost efficiency ； rice farmers ； stochastic frontier analysis ； data envelopment analysis ； Mekong Delta

參考文獻

References

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