社會支持對貧窮青少年正向心理之影響

本研究將針對貧窮青少年的社會支持與正向心理兩個概念進行討論，探討其社會支持對正向心理之影響。其研究問題為探討貧窮青少年之人口變項是否影響其正向心理；探討貧窮青少年之社會支持是否影響其正向心理；更進一步探討貧窮青少年三種社會支持何者最為重要。本研究採用次級資料分析，選取台灣貧窮兒少資料庫第五波（2017）之資料進行分析，研究對象為填答就讀現況為國中、高中、高職、五專一至三年級之學生，總樣本數為553位。研究結果發現：1.貧窮青少年之人口變項，性別、教育程度、家庭型態、家庭照顧者年齡、家庭照顧者教育程度皆未對正向心理產生顯著的影響。2.工具性家庭支持、同儕支持及教師支持，三者社會支持皆會對貧窮青少年的正向心理產生正向影響。3.三者社會支持中同儕支持對正向心理最具影響力，其次是教師支持，再者為工具性家庭支持。最後根據研究結果提出以下建議：1.依序為增強貧窮青少年與家人的關係；2.增加貧窮青少年及同儕的正向互動；3.促進貧窮青少年導師與輔導老師間協同合作；4.建構貧窮青少年社會支持系統。

關鍵字

貧窮青少年；家庭支持；同儕支持；教師支持；正向心理

並列摘要

This research will discuss the concepts of social support and positive psychology of economically disadvantaged adolescents, and explore the impact of their social support on positive psychology. The research question is to explore whether the demographic variables of economically disadvantaged adolescents affect their positive psychology; to explore whether social support of economically disadvantaged adolescents affects their positive psychology; further explore which of the three types of social support is most important for economically disadvantaged adolescents. This research adopts secondary data analysis, and selects the data of the fifth wave (2017) of the database of TDCYP for analysis. The research object is the students who are currently enrolled in junior high school, senior high school, vocational school, five-year junior college program students who are in grades one to three, and the total number of samples is 553. Research results: 1. The demographic variables of economically disadvantaged adolescents, gender, education level, family type, family caregiver age, and family caregiver education level did not have a significant impact on positive psychology. 2. Instrumental family support, peer support and teacher support, all three social supports have a positive impact on the positive psychology of economically disadvantaged adolescents. 3. Among the three social supports, peer support has the most influence on positive psychology, followed by teacher support, and then instrumental family support. Finally, according to the research results, the suggestions are as follows: 1. Strengthening economically disadvantaged adolescents’ relationships with their families; 2. Increase positive interactions with economically disadvantaged adolescents and peers; 3. Facilitate collaboration between mentors and counselors for economically disadvantaged adolescents; 4. Build a social support system for economically disadvantaged adolescents.