樹葡萄(Plinia cauliflora)果皮血管收縮素轉化酵素抑制能力及相關成分之探討

高血壓為現代人常見的健康問題，若長期處於此狀態下，容易引起併發症，提高罹患腦部及心血管疾病的風險。而長期服用合成藥物又容易引起副作用，因此開發天然保健食品以預防高血壓是目前的趨勢之一。樹葡萄(Plinia cauliflora)廣泛分布於巴西等熱帶雨林地區，果實可直接鮮食，也可加工製成果醬、果汁等。但其果皮風味不佳，因此多會將其去除，而產生大量的廢棄物。文獻指出，動物試驗中樹葡萄具有降低血壓的功能，且生物活性物質多位於果皮及種子。因此本研究以樹葡萄果皮為原料，探討其抑制血管收縮素轉化酵素(angiotensin-converting enzyme)之能力。研究中利用最佳水解條件，提高ACE抑制能力及生物活性成分含量，並探討不同產地(南投、台南、屏東)的樹葡萄果皮對ACE抑制能力之影響，最後運用微膠囊技術將水解物製成粉末，以開發成保健品。研究結果顯示，樹葡萄皮在水解後萃取得到的總酚含量為約為4%~6%，相較於未水解的萃取物，增加了約2倍，水解後ACE抑制能力也顯著提高。經由HPLC分析得知，樹葡萄皮樣品中含量最多的酚類化合物為表兒茶素，次多的為鞣花酸，在水解後也顯著增加，且與ACE抑制能力顯著相關。產地以台南及屏東原料可得到較高生物活性成分及類超氧歧化酶(superoxide dismutase-like)活性。進一步由田口法(Taguchi method)找出的微膠囊最適配方，包埋率可高達95%。綜上所述，樹葡萄皮水解物具有開發作為保健產品原料的潛力，並可經微膠囊技術增加其商業利用價值。

關鍵字

樹葡萄；水解；微膠囊技術；田口法；血管收縮素轉化酵素

並列摘要

Hypertension is a common health problem in modern people. Long-term high blood pressure can easily lead to complications and increase the risk of brain and cardiovascular diseases. And long-term use of synthetic drugs is easy to cause side effects, so the development of natural health food to prevent high blood pressure is one of the current trends. Jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora) is widely distributed in tropical rainforest regions such as Brazil. The fruit can be eaten fresh or processed into jam, juice, etc. However, the peel has a poor flavor, so it is often removed, resulting in a large amount of waste. The literature points out that jabuticaba have the function of lowering blood pressure in animal experiments, and the biologically active substances are mostly located in the peel and seeds. Therefore, this study used jabuticaba peel as material to investigate its ability to inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). In the study, the optimal hydrolysis conditions were used to improve the ACE inhibitory ability and the content of bioactive components, and the effects of jabuticaba peels from different origins (Nantou, Tainan, Pingtung) on the ACE inhibitory ability were discussed. At last, the hydrolyzate is made into powder by microcapsultion to develop a health product. The results showed that the total phenolic content of the jabuticaba peel extract after hydrolysis was about 4% to 6%, which was about 2 times that of the unhydrolyzed extract. The ACE inhibitory ability after hydrolysis was also significantly improved. Further HPLC analysis revealed that the most abundant phenolic compound in the jabuticaba peel was epicatechin, followed by ellagic acid. They increases significantly after hydrolysis, respectively, and significantly correlated with ACE inhibitory ability. For the material come from different origins, the higher bioactive components and superoxide dismutase-like (SOD-like) activity was obtained for materials from Tainan and Pingtung. The most suitable method for microcapsules was further found by Taguchi method, and the encapsulation rate can be as high as 95%. To sum up, the hydrolyzate of jabuticaba peel exhibits the potential to be developed as a material for health products, and its commercial value can be increased by microencapsulation technology.