專利質量對企業經營績效之影響: 以台灣上市半導體產業為例

新冠肺炎爆發帶動半導體產業前所未有的翻轉與輪動。後疫情時代的疫苗荒與晶片缺貨同時並存。台灣半導體產業在世界揚名，來自於產業持續不斷的研發與創新。而高科技產業的研發活動中，最直接的關鍵指標專利所有權，成為最具潛力之無形資產。本研究蒐集整理2010年至2019年台灣上市半導體廠商之申請專利件數與類型，探討企業研發產出的專利質量策略，對於企業之經營績效、市場價值的相關影響。實證結果發現，高質量專利申請與企業經營績效無直接顯著相關，進一步經由專利矩陣模式分析發現，申請專利質量對企業經營績效呈顯著正相關；以技術層面之高質量類型專利申請對企業市場價值呈顯著正相關。差異在於不同類型專利申請至取得專利權所耗費審查時間冗長不一，具不確定性及明顯的遞延效果。因此，專利質量與研發費用對於企業市場價值亦呈現顯著正相關影響。

關鍵字

智慧資本；專利質量；專利矩陣

並列摘要

The COVID-19 outbreak drives semiconductor industry. In the post-pandemic era, the shortage of vaccine shortages and chip coexists. Taiwan's semiconductor industry is famous in the world, attributing to the industry's continuous research, development and innovation. The key indicator of high-tech industry R D activities, patent ownership, becomes the most potential intangible assets. This study collects and sorts out the listed semiconductor manufacturers in Taiwan from 2010 to 2019, the number and type of patent applications, and discusses the related effect of enterprises patents for R D output quality strategy to the business performance and the enterprise market value. The empirical results found that high quality patent applications are not directly and significantly related to the business performance of the enterprise. Further through patented matrix module discovers that there is a significant positive correlation between applying patent quality the operating performance of the enterprise. In the technical level, high quality patent applications show a significant positive correlation to the market value of enterprises. The difference is due to the examination time taken from different types of patent applications to the acquisition of patent rights varies, with uncertainty and obvious deferred effects. Therefore, the quality of patents and the market value of R D expenses for enterprises shows significant positive correlation effects.