金融科技帶來的社會永續之探討-以普惠金融的觀點-

本研究透過文獻分析法探討金融科技給社會帶來的影響，並以Safaricom、Ant Financial、五常 Company此三間公司為個案釐清企業該如何透過建構商業模式來實現普惠金融以及考察關於實現普惠金融的因素以及究竟企業以及政府在這之中可以發揮怎樣的功能。研究發現金融科技所帶來的無現金社會有利有弊，雖然金融科技可以使生活便利、結帳效率化、也為金融業減少許多營業成本、甚至防止洗錢；卻也帶來個資洩漏、金融素養差距等等的問題；再加諸金融科技是基於數位系統的穩定而能在社會上被使用的特性，一旦遭受到駭客攻擊或是電力供應之問題，便會造成無法預估的損害。而在普惠金融的方面，透過個案研究，發現三間企業在透過金融科技發展事業的同時，也促進了普惠金融甚至是其他SDGs的目標。三間公司皆促進了SDGs目標1「終結貧窮」以及目標8「合適的工作以及經濟成長」的實現，而這兩項目也與普惠金融所提倡的息息相關；證實金融科技確實對普惠金融的實現有正面影響。在實現普惠金融的因素之考察當中，發現金融科技和金融革新在普惠金融的實現扮演重要的角色；透過微型金融業務以及與當地金融業者合作也能使更多人得以使用到以前無法享受到的金融服務；進而促進普惠金融的實現。另外本研究認為台灣政府或可與銀行或新興金融科技業者例如Linepay以及街口支付合作，透過大數據分析，解決借款人信用憑證不足的問題，建構出更加效率化且減少成本的商業模式；而且針對東南亞移工族群的強大金融服務使用潛力，政府、銀行、金融科技企業若能運用數據分析等等的技術解決這類族群信用憑證不足的問題，將有助於台灣走出金融瓶頸以及促進整體社會發展另外，在台灣也可以與類似於微型金融業務、主要提供個人微型融資的「儲蓄互助社」合作為國民建構出可以為其所使用的微型金融服務或可解決中小企業沒有資金周轉導致無法支撐企業經營的困境。國外的部分，雖然近年來外資銀行要在東南亞進駐的門檻越來越高。本研究認為台灣應該結合科技以及金融經驗的優勢，台灣的國際合作發展基金會或可參考日本的JICA投資五常公司的例子，尋找在台灣有潛力且體質好的新創金融科技公司進行投資，扶植其成長前往東南亞發展微型金融業務，除了帶動當地普惠金融的促進也可解決台灣金融效能過剩的問題。關鍵詞：普惠金融、微型金融、可持續發展目標、金融科技、社會永續

關鍵字

普惠金融；社會永續； SDGs ；可持續發展目標；金融科技

並列摘要

This research explores the impact of FinTech on society through literature analysis, and choose the three companies: Safaricom, Ant Financial, and Gojo Company as cases to clarify how companies can achieve financial inclusion by constructing business models and examine the factors involved in achieving financial inclusion, and explore what functions enterprises and governments play in the realization of financial inclusion. Research has found that the cashless society brought about by FinTech has advantages and disadvantages. Although FinTech can make life easier, make check-out more efficient, reduce operating costs for the financial industry, and even prevent money laundering. but it also brings problems such as information leakage and financial literacy gaps. In addition, FinTech is based on the stability of the digital system to be used in society. Once it is attacked by hackers or power supply problems, it will cause unpredictable damage. In terms of financial inclusion, through case studies, it is found that while the three companies are developing their businesses through FinTech, they have also promoted the goals of financial inclusion and even other SDGs. The three companies have all promoted the realization of SDGs Goal 1 " No Poverty," and Goal 8 " Decent Work and Economic Growth", These two projects are also closely related to the promotion of financial inclusion; it is confirmed that FinTech does have a positive impact on the realization of financial inclusion. In the investigation of the factors that realize financial inclusion, it is found that FinTech and financial innovation play an important role in the realization of financial inclusion. Through microfinance business and cooperation with local financial players, more people can use financial services that were previously unavailable; thus promoting the realization of financial inclusion. In addition, this study believes that the Taiwanese government can also cooperate with banks, emerging FinTech companies such as Linepay and Jko Pay. Through big data analysis to solve the problem of insufficient credit vouchers of borrowers, construct a more efficient and cost-reduced business model. If the government, banks, and FinTech companies can use data analysis to solve the problem of insufficient credit certificates for migrant workers in Southeast Asia, it will help Taiwan to get out of the financial bottleneck and promote overall social development. The reason is they have a strong potential for the use of financial services. In addition, Taiwan can also cooperate with "credit unions" that mainly provide personal microfinance and microfinance businesses. Constructing micro-financial services for the people that can be used by them may solve the dilemma that small and medium-sized enterprises cannot support business operations due to lack of capital turnover. For the foreign part, although the threshold for foreign banks to enter Southeast Asia has become higher and higher in recent years. This study believes that Taiwan should combine the advantages of technology and financial experience. International Cooperation and Development Fund may refer to the example of Japan’s JICA investing in Gojo Company and look for potential new venture FinTech companies to invest. Fostering its growth to develop microfinance business in Southeast Asia, in addition to promoting the promotion of local financial inclusion, it can also solve the problem of excess financial resources in Taiwan. Keywords: SDGs, Fintech, Social Sustainability, Financial Inclusion, microfinance