臺灣環境議題漢字海報創作之視覺修辭研究

近年來許多環境問題伴隨在我們左右，環境問題形成的生態浩劫、天災漸漸影響人類的生活環境。因此，政府、社會機構、組織重視環境問題外，也配合法律公約、制度、教育、活動等等提高社會大眾友善環境的正確觀念。在培養大眾友善環境觀念的方法中，環境議題海報是—除了有告知、警示等表達功能外，也是許多設計師呈現各式各樣的視覺創意的載體。環境議題海報包含多種表現形式，其中大部分以視覺呈現為主，文字為輔；而漢字為主的環境議題海報，則多數較著重在著重在漢字的字形與含義表現，視覺成為次要的補助工具。當然從上述「圖像與文字主次之間」的表現是凸顯主題方法，但除了必須取一捨一的表現形式外，是否還有不同的表現可能呢？海報的表現形式以及海報的四個構成要素：圖像、文字、色彩、編排之間，存在著創作的各種可能，且在分析或創作海報四要素時，每個面向若加上形素、彩素與質素此更細目的視覺符號基本元素之對應與襯助，相信是很有新穎表現的機會。本創作研究收集相關國外地區與臺灣地區環境議題英文字海報、環境議題漢字海報、環境議題圖像海報共16份樣本，進行視覺修辭分析。分析發現環境議題英文字海報與漢字海報、圖像海報幾乎都有頻繁的「雙關修辭」應用。此外，也發現環境議題英文字海報與漢字海報的修辭格幾乎都有一定的辭格運用規律：「雙關修辭」搭配「象徵修辭」、「鑲嵌修辭」與其他辭格輔助。環境議題圖像海報則是「雙關修辭」、「轉化修辭」、「映襯修辭」最常見使用。本創作研究依據環境議題漢字海報之視覺修辭使用規律，從「雙關修辭」之必要階段，配合四大自由組合辭格，最後在視需要添加其他輔助之視覺辭格，以三階段創作流程搭配視覺修辭之應用，創作出共計十款臺灣環境議題漢字海報。

關鍵字

環境議題海報；視覺修辭；漢字海報

並列摘要

Many environmental problems have been around us in recent years. Therefore, the government, social institutions, and organizations attach importance to environmental issues and cooperate with legal conventions, systems, education, and activities to improve the correct concept of a friendly environment for the general public. In addition to the expressions of notifications and warnings, environmental posters are also the carriers for many designers to present a variety of visual ideas. Most of the expressions of environmental issues posters present images as the theme. The character is auxiliary. Chinese Character environmental issues posters focus on the shape and meaning of characters , Image becomes a secondary poster performance . The "image and text primary and secondary" performance highlights the theme method, but apart from the need to take a one-on-one expression, is there any different performance possible? The study collected 16 sample English font posters and Chinese character posters on environmental issues in foreign countries and Taiwan. Perform a visual rhetorical analysis.In the end, it was found that the English font posters on environmental issues, Chinese character posters and image posters all have the application of "puns rhetoric".English font posters and Chinese character posters on environmental issues have certain rules in visual rhetoric that "Punct Vision Rhetoric" with symbolic visual rhetoric and mosaic visual rhetoric. The environmental issues image posters are the most common use of "puns rhetoric", "transformation rhetoric" and "reflection rhetoric". Based on the visual rhetoric usage rules of environmental issues Chinese characters posters and other auxiliary visual rhetoric, The study created a total of 10 Chinese Character Posters on Taiwan’s Environmental Issues.