在當代世界裡人們面臨許多新型態問題的挑戰,例如資源耗竭、污染、傳染病、人權、金融風暴、跨國犯罪、全球暖化、臭氧層破壞等。在許多國際關係學者的研究文獻當中,他們透過「全球公共問題」或「全球議題」的概念來指稱這些新型態問題。這些問題包含的層面十分廣泛,大致可以區分為軍事安全、經濟、環境、社會(人道)、知識等五大層面。 在這些議題層面中,「環境」議題對人類的生活造成嚴重的威脅,例如空氣污染、臭氧層破壞、氣候變遷、生物多樣性破壞等。自20世紀70年代起,學者們開始由「廣泛合作」的角度去思索環境問題的解決之道。90年代以後,「全球治理」(Global Governance)途徑開始成為學者們另一項選擇,針對環境問題進行「全球環境治理」(Global Environmental Governance)的可行性逐漸成為探討的焦點。 本文的研究目的是希冀對以下兩個層面有更深入的了解,一、「全球環境治理途徑」;二、「非國家行為者的貢獻」。將環境議題與非國家行為者(Non-State Actors)帶進政治學領域當中,除了能更加豐富政治學研究領域之外,全球治理途徑亦能為全球環境問題的管制提供新的解決方案。此外,未來當政府在進行環境政策的規劃時,本文亦能提供不同的思考模式與視野。
People facing the challenges of many new type problems in the contemporary world, for example, resource exhaustion, pollutions, infectious disease, human right, financial crisis, transnational crime, global warming, ozone layer damage, etc. In the field of international relations, many articles are indicated these new type problems by the concept of “Global Public Problems” or “Global Issues”. These problems could distinguished into five dimensions, including military security, economy, environmental, societal(humanity), and knowledge. Under these dimensions, “Environmental” problems are seriously threatening people’s life, for instance, air pollution, climate change, biodiversity damage, etc. Scholars think the solutions of environmental problems through which aspect of “widespread cooperation” after 1970s. In 1990s, “Global Governance” approach is another option for scholars, the feasibility of “Global Environmental Governance” against environmental problems is gradually become the focus of study. The purpose of this article is to deeply understood that two dimensions: first, “Global Environmental Governance Approach”; second, contribution of Non-State Actors. Bringing the environmental issues and non-state actors into domain of political science, not only could enrich it, but also global governance approach could provided that new solution of global environmental problems for regulation. Otherwise, this article also could grant government different thinking model and vision, when they draw up policies of environmental in the future.