各國軍用無人飛行載具發展研究

無人飛行載具是飛行員在地面利用導控設備或任務設定系統來操控的飛行器，具有尺寸小、成本較低、機動性佳、續航時間長和可執行危險性任務等特性。無人飛行載具多用於執行靶機、偵搜、通信中繼、電子對抗、火砲修正等任務。在現今的戰場中，無人飛行載具已逐漸取代有人機的任務，它的研究、發展及運用更是世界主流，未來在各國的戰場上，無人飛行載具已成為無可取代的選項。我國也注意到無人飛行載具在軍事戰場中所扮演的重要角色，並在2013年正式成立無人偵搜部隊，編列於陸軍底下。該部隊於2017年移編海軍，並以執行台海偵搜為主，隨時監控我國週邊海域船隻的活動。本文從各國的無人飛行載具發展現況、能力與戰術運用並評估其效益，進而探討無人飛行載具未來趨勢和人才培育等。藉以更明確瞭解我國無人飛行載具發展之方向與趨勢。

關鍵字

無人飛行載具；偵搜；現代化

並列摘要

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is an aircraft controlled by pilot on the ground. The controlled of the UAV is either autonomously by the computers or using the throttle and stick. The characteristics of UAV are small size, low cost, better mobility, long duration of flight and can carry out dirty missions. It is often used at carrying out target drone, reconnaissance, communication relay, electronic warfare and artillery correction missions. The UAV is gradually replacing manned aircraft missions in the battlefield. The research, development and usage of UAV have become an overarching trend in the world. The UAV will become irreplaceable in the future of the battle field. Taiwan government has also noticed the roles that UAV played during the wars, and has established UAV reconnaissance group in 2013, under the army. The group was transfered to the navy in 2017, and mainly carries out reconnaissance mission on the sea monitoring the actives around Taiwan’s boarder. This study tries to evaluate the benefit of UAV by investigating the growth, capability, and tactical application of UAV in main countries. Furthermore, discuss its future trend and talent education. Finally, this study intends to explicitly identify the orientation and trend of Taiwan’s UAV development.