應用費德勒權變領導理論於私人文教機構之研究:從中國易經之觀點分析

A study on Fiedler’s Contingency Theory of Leadership in a private educational institute: from the perspective of Chinese I – Ching

鄭浩雄(Hao-Hsiung Cheng)

指導教授 ： 陳俊益

義守大學/管理學院/管理碩博士班/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6343/ISU.2014.00128

摘要

本文試圖透過中國易經的視野檢驗費德勒的權變領導理論，希望經由研究預測變化規律的卦，提出公共或私人組織領導人建議。易經陰陽以及經營管理陰陽的變量，形成一卦（複卦），用以預測吉凶，此乃依據中國五千年來易經預測的基礎。由於每個爻可以有兩種形式，然後共有64種組合(即: 64卦）。在易經的框架下，本研究提出兩個假設: (一)不同類型的領導人在不同的管理環境下將依費德勒的領導權變理論而有不同。(二)領導者與環境的交互作用遵循互動律。本研究所使用的探究工具包括LPC量表以及自編六爻互動律量表（衡量領導和情境之間的相互作用），用以評量領導者最不喜歡的同事（LPC）變量（行為，認知和情緒）和所設定的管理相關的變量（主從關係，任務結構和位置，職位權力的關係）的互動關係。分析的資料包含兩種量表的量化資料以及深入訪談的質性資料。初步探究結果顯示：不同類型的領導者，在不同的管理環境下表現應該不同 (第一個研究問題) 並未完全獲得支持，符合易經互動定律的預測只有16% (2/12)。此外領導者與環境的交互作用並未完全遵守互動律，預測符合率 50% (1/2)。本研究最後並提出未來研究的相關建議。

關鍵字

領導權變理論 ； 易經 ； 八卦 ； 六爻 ； 陰 ； 陽 ； 卦 ； 互動律

並列摘要

This thesis attempts to examine Fieldler’s Contingency theory of leadership through the interactive law of Chinese hexagram based on the Chinese Book of Changes, hoping to explore the interactive relationship among variables involved in a management setting. The concepts of yin and yang in trigram, and further into hexagram (a total of 6 yaos), are derived from Chinese I Ching. Since each yao has two forms (either yin or yang), the combinations of the 6 yaos constitute the interactive entity. The research hypotheses include: 1) Different types of leaders in different management conditions perform differently based on Fieldler’s contigency theory. 2) The way leaders interact with management conditions follow the predictions of interactive law. Tools used include LPC scale and self-made Interactive Scale (IC), a measure of the interaction between the leadership and the management conditions), to measure the leaders’ Least Preferred Colleagues (LPC) variables (behavioral, cognitive and emotional) and their interrelationship with the management-related variables (dominate-subordinate relationship, task structure, position power). Data for analysis include 1) quantitative data from both questionnaires (LPC and IC), and 2) qualitative data from in-depth interviews with participants. Preliminary exploration results show that the first research hypothesis, “Different types of leaders in different management conditions perform differently based on Fieldler’s contigency theory.” is not fully supported (only 16%, in line with the predictions of interactive law. Moreover, the second hypothesis, “The way leaders interact with management conditions follow the predictions of interactive law “ was not fully supported by the interaction law either (50% of correspondence). Finally, suggestions are provided for future interested researchers.

並列關鍵字

Contingency theory of leadership ； I -Ching ； Trigram ； Hexagram ； Yin ； Yang ； Gua ； Interactive law

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