台美軍官養成課程與軍旅適應之研究

國軍肩負保家衛國之責任，是一個高風險、高危安、高壓力的一份職業，而軍官更是如此，要面對時間不足的壓力、工作繁重的壓力、管理部屬產生之壓力、調整職位適應的壓力、長官的壓力、本職學能不足的壓力與部隊發生意外事件的壓力，導致基層軍官適應不良，紛紛選擇退伍或者透過各種管道使自己調離困苦的職務，其中又以軍校畢業學生最為明顯，因從學校畢業須服役滿十年才能正常退伍，在面臨部隊適應不良，想退又不能退的狀況下，選擇裝瘋賣傻進精神病院，以求退伍。部隊是要求團隊精神、部隊紀律嚴明、貫徹長官命令、軍階級分明等極具高強度性質之團隊生活，在生活自由遭受限制、缺乏私人隱私以及部隊生活相當單調之情境下，這對於投入軍旅的國軍基層幹部們來說，部隊生活適應絕對是其首當其衝所面臨的問題，不管任何環境的變化，其實都屬於壓力的一種。本研究採半結構式訪談法(semi-structured interviews)，其特點是研究者在訪談進行之前，可根據研究的問題與目的設計訪談大綱作為導引。訪問過程中研究者須創造出一種自然的情境，讓受訪者在被尊重與平等的互動關係中，進行雙向式的口語交談而達到想法的交換與建構。本研究以台美軍官養成與軍旅適應作為探討及研究，依據次級資料收集法、質性訪談與研究結果對基層軍官在軍旅適應上的見解與建議，並針對問題加以探討研究與解決。西點軍校比起我國軍事院校，更注重軍官人格特質之養成、軍官核心價值、軍事基礎教育以及落實嚴考核、嚴淘汰，而陸軍官校課程內容雖符合大學教育，但其核心價值仍以培養出未來能適應軍旅並能執行任務為導向的務實訓練範疇，建議學校能於部隊實務增加相關課程，使我國軍校所培養之軍官幹部能熟悉基層部隊現況，並秉持合理的嚴格管教，並透過日常生活涵養軍官幹部所應具備之抗壓力及責任感，並定時舉辦領導統御、紓解壓力等相關座談，以培養軍官幹部具備承受在軍旅適應可能會遭受到的高度壓力。

關鍵字

台美軍校教育；部隊風氣；軍旅壓力；軍旅適應；養成課程

並列摘要

The national army shoulders the responsibility of defending the country. It is a high-risk, high-risk and high-pressure occupation. This is especially true for military officers. This has led to the maladjustment of basic-level officers. They have chosen to retire or transfer themselves from the hardship through various channels. Position, the most obvious among them is military academy graduates. The army is a very high-intensity team life. For the grassroots cadres of the national army who enter the army, the adaptation to the life of the army is definitely the first problem they face. No matter any environmental change, it is actually a kind of pressure. The semi-structured interview method is adopted, which is characterized in that the researcher can use the interview outline as a guide before conducting the interview. The interview process allows the interviewees to exchange ideas in two-way conversations in an equal interactive relationship. This research uses Taiwan and the United States officer development and military adaptation as the discussion and research. Based on the secondary data collection method, qualitative interviews and research results, it provides insights and suggestions on the military adaptation of grassroots officers, and discusses, researches and solves the problems. Compared with our military academies, the West Point Military Academy pays more attention to the cultivation of officers’ personality traits, the core values of officers, basic military education, and the implementation of strict assessments and strict elimination. The core values of the Army’s official academy are to cultivate the future adaptability to the military and perform tasks. It is recommended that the school can add relevant courses to the military practice so that the officers and cadres trained by the military academy can be familiar with the current situation of the grassroots army, uphold reasonable and strict discipline, and cultivate the anti-stress and sense of responsibility that officers and cadres should have. Leadership and control, pressure relief, and other related forums to train officers and cadres to withstand the high pressures that may be encountered in military adaptation.