重度工作負荷下不同環境溫度與最大允許工作時間關係之研究

The Relationship Between the Various Temperatures and the Maximum Allowable Working Duration on Heavy Work Situation.

陳柏均(Bo-jyun Chen)

指導教授 ： 吳獻堂

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/營建工程系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

隨著營建業高度開發，新機器設備與生產技術不斷的推陳出新，自動化確可為相關產業帶來省力、省時與高品質效益，但營建業確仍有許多作業必須仰賴人力，並無合適之自動化機具可供協助。而營建作業有許多是屬於重體力工作，當勞工體力負荷超出個人允許工作時間，若未能給予適當休息，就容易因精神或肌肉骨骼過度疲勞，造成勞工傷害。已有學者針對最大允許工作時間(MAWD)之研究，而MAWD之長短與工作需求耗氧量及個人之攝氧能力等有關，工作所需耗氧量可能會受到工作環境影響而改變，發現MAWD與溫度兩者有直接之關係。而營建業仍有許多作業需於戶外進行，氣候容易使環境溫度造成變化，本研究透過營建業特性，利用實驗方式模擬勞工於重度工作負荷下，探討不同環境溫度與最大允許工作時間之關聯。
本研究共徵得12位自願受測者參與實驗，以踩腳踏車方式於固定工作負荷下，在室內場所模擬3種不同作業溫度進行試驗，本研究利用心搏量測作為能量指標，來求得受測者於不同作業溫度下MAWD。並利用一週內運動次數作為等級分類，將分類後數據透過迴歸分析進行MAWD與不同環境溫度之建立公式，以方便後續學者研究可帶入溫度直接求得MAWD之利用。研究結果顯示，當作業環境溫度越高時，允許工作時間越短；作業溫度越低時，允許工作時間越長。並利用運動量分級透過迴歸求得三組公式分別為：(1)A等級為MAWD=5410.92+(-144.93*T)、(2)B等級為MAWD=2242.94+(-40.80*T)、(2)C等級為MAWD=1512.57+(-28.11*T)。

關鍵字

環境溫度 ； 最大允許工作時間 ； 心搏率

並列摘要

New machines, equipment and production techniques are constantly brought out as the construction industry highly develops. Automation has indeed boosted many industries to save energy, shorten time and create high-quality effect. However, manpower is still required for various operations in the construction industry because there are no suitable automatic machines and tools to assist. Many operations concerning construction involve heavy physical strength. If proper rest is not given when a worker’s physical strength is over strained due to excessive individual acceptable work duration, injuries may arise from over fatigue of energy, muscles and bones. Some scholars have already discussed the maximum acceptable work duration (MAWD) in their studies. MAWD is associated with oxygen consumption required at work and oxygen uptake ability. Oxygen consumption required at work varies due to environmental changes. It is found that MAWD is directly related to temperature. Various construction operations are mainly carried out outdoors. The climate causes changes of ambient temperature. Therefore, by taking construction characteristics into consideration, this study conducts experiments by simulating workers under heavy workload in order to explore the relationships between various ambient temperatures and maximum acceptable work duration.
12 volunteers were invited to participate in the experiments conducted during the study. The volunteers were requested to ride a bicycle under certain workload. The experiments were carried out indoors at three simulated operational temperatures. This study adopted heart rate measurements as energy index and further obtained MAWD of each volunteer working at different operational temperatures. The volunteers having different times of exercise per week were classified into different levels. Then, regression analysis was carried out on the data of different levels in order to establish an equation expressing the relationship between MAWD and various ambient temperatures. The equation established here will be convenient for the scholars since they are able to directly introduce temperature to the equation for obtaining MAWD in their follow-up studies. The results of this study showed that the acceptable work duration was shorter if the ambient temperature for operations was higher while the acceptable work duration was longer if the ambient temperature for operations was lower. Three equations were established through regression analysis respectively based on the exercise levels of the volunteers mentioned above: (1) Level A: MAWD = 5410.92+(-144.93*T); (2) Level B: MAWD=2242.94+(-40.80*T); and Level C: MAWD=1512.57+(-28.11*T).

並列關鍵字

heart rate ； maximum acceptable work duration ； ambient temperature

參考文獻

4.行政院勞工委員會，「勞工安全衛生法施行細則」，第九條第四項，2002。

5.林瑞興、陳弘峻、吳銘庭，「運動員心臟－運動訓練後左心室構造功能的適應性」，運動生理暨體能學報，第11-18頁，2007。

1.毛義方、陳美蓮、葉文裕、楊冠洋，「勞動疲勞測定方法技術探討」，行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所委託研究報告，台北，1993。

2.毛義方、陳美蓮、黃如瑋、陳秋蓉、林釗正、鄭淑芳，「高架作業勞工之自覺疲勞、心率血壓及生活特性分析」，行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所，台北，1999。

8.陳志勇，「重體力作業之肌肉疲勞與耗氧量評估」，行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所，IOSH94-H313，台北，2006。