應用SIMULEX模擬公共建築避難時間之研究-以大型量販店為例

Application of SIMULEX to Simulate Evacuation Time in Public Building–Take Warehouse Store as an Example

黃莉芸(Li-yun Huang)

指導教授 ： 包 匡

朝陽科技大學/設計學院/建築及都市設計研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

台灣已邁入開發國家之林，人民的消費能力因日常需求提升而增強，引來外商公司在國內各大城市紛紛投資於大型賣場，其銷售價格低廉、琳瑯滿目的各種商品，停車便利、日用品堆積成山、並結合飲食的量販店，自然吸引消費者，儼然成為台灣民眾休閒生活的一部分，大眾逛街購物必然的去處；然而近年來天然和人為災害事件不斷的發生，災害發生時，又以人為疏失及民眾缺乏避難訓練及逃生常識，因此造成了生命及財產上鉅大的損失；在量販店的經營上，其內部因商業需要，設置販賣品的陳列空間與通道配置；營業時室內人數眾多，由於在大量貨品陳列下，人們的視線與行動必然受到影響，當災害發生時民眾避難無法立即認知而做出反應，因此在賣場內其商品之配置及避難出口與避難樓梯之位置對民眾避難逃生所需的時間佔有相當的影響。
本論文將針對台中市之大型量販店作為研究對象，探討建物出入口
及其避難動線連接的流暢性之影響，採用人員避難逃生軟體SIMULEX，模擬民眾自個別賣場內部空間逃生至戶外安全場所之避難時間，對各區位之避難時間變化結果進行探討，以分析災難發生後民眾到達戶外安全的避難地點所需避難時間長短，其主要目的如下:
一、模擬及計算量販店內於火災發生時，人員逃至戶外避難場所所需之避難時間，並比較當避難部份通路被封閉時所造成避難時間變化之影響。
二、探討量販店於火災發生時，人員在避難逃生過程中可能遭受到的干擾、阻礙及變化。
三、以SIMULEX人員避難逃生軟體模擬量販店避難時間，探討與安全驗證技術手冊計算之避難時間相比較。
以本研究調查及模擬與計算，建立基礎資料並對此類型建築內部型態與收容人員避難逃生特性進行瞭解，以改善及解決此類型建築在避難逃生上產生的問題，以確保賣場內人員生命財產之安全，並對未來量販店內部空間規劃提供建議。

關鍵字

避難時間 ； 大型量販店 ； 公共安全 ； SIMULEX模擬

並列摘要

Taiwan has already become one of the developed countries. The purchasing ability of people was enhanced by the daily needs. So there are a lot of foreign companies invested in the warehouse stores in Taiwan. The warehouse stores provide various and inexpensive merchandise for consumers. For the commercial purpose, they have to renovate the original space for maximizing display and economic benefits uses while it may ignore the arrangement of safety concern. There are a lot of consumers, staffs and merchandise in the store while it opened. Moreover, many of the goods are combustible and with high consumption of electricity and gas. If fire occurred, the combustion will be spread quickly and violently. If consumers and staffs are unable to escape rapidly, it may cause the serious damages to life and property. Therefore, the safety of the public evacuation in the store is indeed a worthy issue.
In this study, it focused on a store in Taichung City as the research object. The collected information included building entrances, evacuation routes and interior planning. The researcher use the evacuation software SIMULEX to simulate the evacuation time of people from the store inside to the safety place outside in order to find out the time of public evacuation.
The purposes of the research are listed below:
1. To simulate and calculate the evacuation time when fire occurred in warehouse store and evaluate the change of evacuation time when the part of the egresses are closed.
2. To find out when store is on fire, the interference, obstruction and changes may happen in the evacuation process.
3. To use SIMULEX evacuation simulation software, to simulate time evacuation and compare with the safety technical manual to find out the difference for authority’s reference.
Therefore, this study is to build up investigation data of domestic warehouse store case and establishment of basic information. From the analysis and the problems thus we can solve and revise the egress and interior planning to ensure safety of life and property warehouse store.

並列關鍵字

evacuation times ； SIMULEX simulation ； public safety ； warehouse store

參考文獻

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