- 學位論文
老人住宅避難逃生空間設計應用
Evacuation Space Design and Applications in Residence of Elderly People
摘要
二次世界大戰結束，戰後嬰兒潮出現；60年後的現在，台灣邁入高齡化社會，高齡居所之專業設施與安全性考量成為當前重要課題，但未有足夠文獻資料指出現有避難逃生空間於高齡者日常生活環境之適用性，並推廣成為普遍化之居家安全必要條件。 由於我國對於避難空間、設施等規定，主要都是以一般人為考量對象，並無針對高齡者有特別規定，因此在災害發生時，高齡者能否確實到達安全區域？現有之避難逃生空間是否足夠讓高齡者暫時不受傷害，讓搶救得以順利完成。 本文針對大台北地區老人住宅現況，探討各類空間形式中，避難逃生空間之建立及法規適用性等相關議題，本文以現況調查搭配問卷，進行分析與歸納，得出避難逃生空間設計應用之相關建議。由於老人對環境的認知，在平時即較一般人為低，當災害發生時，所面臨的危險遠比一般人高。同時，老人之避難行為成功與否，受到步行速度、避難路徑規劃、避難設施的完善度、防火區劃健全與否等影響。因此，對於避難逃生空間規劃時，若能特別考量老人的認知、心理及生理障礙，採最適切的參數，來求取最佳化之設計與規劃，並將水平避難逃生策略和「圍城防火區劃」規劃應用於避難逃生空間設置，才能獲得避難逃生之成功率。 由本研究瞭解，若能於家中將浴廁規劃為避難室，以抵抗火煙的侵襲，讓老人得以暫時得到保護，對於避難成功率將會有所提高。而新建建築物規劃設計時，可於走廊通道通往樓層出口的路徑上（例如樓梯間的前室），擇最近之距離處，劃設防火防煙的避難待援平台，以供人員的暫時躲避，以等待救援，將可提高避難成功機率，保障生命安全。 期盼在安全與專業之空間範疇下，適用於現今建築型態之設計觀念（如無障礙空間設計），運用科技化產物（如LED技術、新式防火建材之運用、智慧型控制系統等），改良現有之避難逃生空間，將專業之避難逃生空間融入於高齡族群之日常生活環境中，做為安全與優質之高齡空間規劃參考。
並列摘要
At the time that Taiwan becomes an aging society, the considerations on professional facilities and safety become an important issue for elderly housing. However, there is not sufficient documentation indicating that the existing evacuation space is applicable for the elderly daily environment and is promoted as a requirement for the universalized home safety. Because of the refuge space, facilities and so forth, are mainly a general people consider the object, there is no special provision for the elderly. Therefore, in disaster, the elderly can really reach a safe area? The evacuation of existing space is adequate for a temporary senior citizens from harm, so that successful completion of the rescue. In view of this, the paper focusing on the status of elderly housing on Great Taipei area, explored the establishment of evacuation space and the applicability of regulations and other related topics in various types of space circumstance, analyzed by means of questionnaire survey and summarized the suggestions on design and application of evacuation space. In the evacuation space planning, if the cognitive, psychological and physical barriers of the elderly are especially taken account, the most appropriate parameters are adopted to seek the optimal design and planning, and horizontal evacuation strategies and "siege" fire compartments are assorted in pairs and applied in evacuation space planning, the evacuation safety of the elderly can be ensured. It’s learned from this study, if the bathroom at home is planned as refuge room to resist the invasion of fire and smoke, then the elderly can be temporarily protected and the life safety of the elderly on evacuation will be increased. For the planning and design of new buildings, it can be designated the area of rescue assistance on the corridor pathway leading to the floor exit (for example, the smoke lobby in front of protected staircase), protected from fire and smoke, to keep people from danger to wait for rescue. This will greatly increase the success ratio of safe evacuation of the elderly. Look forward to the space in a safe and professional areas, apply the concept of modern architectural design patterns (such as barrier-free space design), use of technology based products (such as LED technology, the use of new fire protection building materials, intelligent control systems, etc.) improve existing evacuation space, space for the professional integration of asylum to escape everyday life in the elderly population of the environment, safety and quality of the elderly as space planning reference.