矽水膠隱形眼鏡公司研發組合、專利引用網路位置與角色：專利統計量的觀點

R&D Portfolio, Position and Role on Patent Citation Network of Companies in the Silicone Hydrogel- Contact Lens: Patent Statistics Perspective

張運坤(YUNN-KUEN CHANG)

指導教授 ： 鍾任琴博士 ； 賴奎魁博士

朝陽科技大學/管理學院/企業管理系台灣產業策略發展博士班/博士(2016年)

摘要

矽水膠隱形眼鏡廠商投入研發並吸收競合者技術知識，進而建構技術能力的組合；是故，如何辨識競合公司間的技術優勢以進行研發，為一個重要的經營課題。Contact Lenses-Technology Insight Report from Gridlogics Technologies Pvt Ltd技術報告之統計資料顯示(Patent iNSIGHT Pro, 2014)，矽水膠隱形眼鏡技術分為設計、功能、耐久性/穿戴時間、材料特性、材料種類、製作和用法等七大類，從專利統計量觀點，採用檢索的專利樣本所形成的專利統計量，以探討矽水膠隱形眼鏡廠商的產業技術優勢。因此，透過技術吸引力、技術相對地位與相對專利優勢三項專利統計量，可分析矽水膠隱形眼鏡公司的技術研發組合在產業間的優劣勢，在研究技術分類的分析結果以製造方法技術吸引力排名（4.39）最高，其中材料特性（1.41）緊追在後、而材料種類（1.08）技術吸引力較低為第三，而用法（-0.25）為負成長。
使用專利後向引用分析建構專利引用網路，透過主成分分析將向外程度中心性、特徵向量中心性、接近中心性和向內程度中心性，萃取成主動性與被動性二個集群變數。並且採用兩階段集群分析：一、利用MANOVA檢定與變異數比率準則，決定最合適之分群數目為3；二、使用已知3群組數，以主動與被動為集群變數進行K-means集群分析，並以ＭANOVA檢定3個位置的顯著性差異，檢定結果Wilks' Lambda ( λ=.0001 )，F= 228.371，P=0.00 < α=0.05，R2 =0 .941，顯示3組的分群效果良好。另建構位置內與位置間之引用關係強度與強度顯著性檢定之方法與指標，建構位置內與位置間之引用徑路，並依每一位置的引用關係與位置內公司的共同性質，對每一位置角色的行為訂定合宜的標名。
位置1顯示內部專利引用關係強度顯著，故位置1內有一迴圈，並以粗線表現，其重心座標為(1.769, -2.072)相較於原點座標(0, 0)，顯示位置1主動性高於原點座標而被動性低於原點座標，因此位置1之角色屬性定義為知識輸出者，位置2顯示內部專利引用關係強度為不顯著，外部的專利引用關係強度也不顯著，其重心座標為(-0.504,0.010)比較於原點座標(0, 0)，顯示位置2主動性低於原點座標而被動性高於原點座標，故位置2之角色屬性為知識鈍性者 ，位置3顯示內部專利引用關係強度顯著，故位置3亦有一條迴圈線條且位置3對位置1的專利引用關係也很顯著，因此以實線且線條粗細表示其專利引用強度關係，其重心座標為(1.759, 2.004)高於原點座標(0, 0)，因此位置3之角色屬性為知識吸收者。

關鍵字

矽水膠隱形眼鏡 ； 技術研發組合 ； 專利統計量 ； 網絡中心性 ； 角色與位置

並列摘要

The Silicone hydrogel contact lens manufacturers focus on R & D investment and absorb the co-competitor of technical knowledge, and further to construct the portfolio of technical capacities, therefore, how to identify technical advantages between competing companies and invest more on R&D, as an important business issue. The Contact Lenses-Technology insight report from Gridlogics technologies PVT Ltd technical report that statistical data shown (patent iNSIGHT pro, 2014), silicone hydrogel contact lens technology is divided into Type base on design, function, durability / wear time, material properties, Type, Manufacturing and usage of the seven categories, This study from the perspective of patent statistics, to investigate the silicone hydrogel contact lens manufacturers the advantages of industrial technologies, examines retrieved patent samples and formulates patent statistics to explore the industrial technical competitive advantages of silicone hydrogel contact lens manufacturers.
Using three items of patent statistics, namely technical attractiveness, technical relative position and relative patent advantages, this study analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the R&D portfolio of silicone hydrogel contact lens manufacturers. In the results of the analysis of classification manufacturing (4.39) attractive technique of ranking one , second is material properties (1.41) , and kinds of materials (1.08) technology less attractive for the third, and usage (- 0.25) is negative growth.
Patent backward citation relations construct a directed citation relation network. In-degree centrality, out-degree centrality, closeness and eigenvector centrality of network are extraction into two cluster variables of activeness and passiveness by Principal Component Analysis (PCA).And the two-step cluster analysis, Frist, using MANOVA test and variance ratio criterion, decide on the most suitable cluster number 3. Second, using the known 3 clusters, with an activeness and passiveness cluster variables of K-means cluster analysis, and MANOVA test 3 positions of significant difference, the test results Wilks' lambda (lambda =.0001), f = 228.371, a = 0.05 < p = 0.00, R2 =.941, shown good clustering effect of the three groups. Other construction position location reference relationship strength and intensity of significant test method and index and construct position and position reference path, and according to each position of the references to the common nature of relationship and position within the company, the behavior of each role formulate appropriate nomenclature.
Position 1 shows the internal patent citation relationship strength significantly, so the Position 1 within a loop, and the thick line, the coordinates of center of gravity for (1.769, -2.072) compared to the origin of coordinates (0, 0), Position 1 higher than the display position of activeness and passiveness origin coordinates is lower than the origin of coordinates, so the Position 1 of the role of intellectual property is defined as the knowledge flow exporters. Position, 2 shows the internal patent citation relationship strength is not significant, the external patent citation relationship strength is not significant too, the coordinates of center of gravity for (-0.504,0.010) on the origin of coordinates (0, 0), Position 2 lower than the display position of activeness and passiveness origin coordinates to the origin of coordinates therefore, the role of intellectual properties for the Position 2 as the knowledge flow inactive, Position 3 shown the internal patent citation relationship strength significantly, so the Position 3 is also a circle line and the location of 3 to 1 position patent citation relationship is also very significant, so solid and thick line fine said the patent citation relationship strength, the coordinates of the center of gravity for (1.759, 2.004) was higher than the origin of coordinate (0, 0), so the location role attributes of knowledge absorber.

並列關鍵字

Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lens ； Research and Development Portfolio ； Patent Statistics ； Centrality Network ； Role and Position

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