- 學位論文
薄層屋頂綠化混合介質之保水效果研究
The Reasearch of Water Retention Capacity of Thin Mixed Material Used in Green Roofs
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摘要
隨著時代進步，都市不斷發展與擴張所衍生出的人工地盤不斷增加，導致原有綠地及生態環境不斷的縮減，也因為人工構造物過多之因素，促使都市出現熱島效應、增加雨水逕流，並間接出現能源消耗及都市洪災等問題。面對如此困境，不論國內外皆有專家學者提出利用屋頂綠化來改善都市化所帶來的環境災害，而台灣正好是個多雨的國家，但因為都市化的問題，導致豐沛雨水無法有效利用。因此本研究基於台灣豐沛降雨所帶來水資源的有效利用下，透過薄層屋頂綠化介質之研究以改善雨水保留的問題。 而現在國內大多數於屋頂綠化使用之栽培介質為普通土壤、培養土等等 ，故現行介質便用之趨勢屬便於使用為主，並未針對薄層屋頂綠化特性需求而進行多樣介質搭配。然而普通土壤其穩定性較高，但會有載重過重之疑慮;但若是用培養土的話會因培養土腐植質過高，介質經分解後，深度將有減少之問題，故建議薄層屋頂綠化盡量減少使用。是故國外學者Rowe(2006)提出薄層屋頂綠化應該使用大量輕量介質進行混合，才可達到穩定不塌陷、載重輕、具備少量養分之介質條件。 本研究目的將從薄層屋頂綠化做為根基，進而使用介質選擇及混合搭配下，從中挑選出保水效果及降溫效果最佳之混合介質組合。 本研究結果顯示，泥炭土：椰纖土：蛇木屑之組合為最佳保水效果之介質，並適合建置雨季較短之地區，若在雨季較長地區則可以選擇蛭石(〝泥炭土：蛭石：保綠人造土〞、〝泥炭土：蛭石：蛇木屑〞，或是〝泥炭土：蛭石：發泡煉石〞)所搭配出的混合介質組合。而降溫效果最佳者為〝泥炭土土：蛭石：保綠人造土〞之組合，該混合介質在高含水量情況下降溫效果最佳。然而所有混合介質在含水量為乾燥狀態下，九種混合介質皆因含水量低而產生高溫以及溫度變化大的現象。
並列摘要
With the progress of the times artificial ground increased, the green space and the ecological environment decreased derive from the continuous expansion of urban areas. The excessive artificial structures resulted in heat island effect, increase the runoff, cause the energy consumption and urban flooding indirectly. In this predicament, the green roof was used to improve the environmental disasters by the urbanization. The abundant rainfall can’t be used effectively because of the urbanization issue in Taiwan. The purpose of this study is to discuss how to retain the rainfall by the extensive green roof. The soil and cultivation soil were selected to be the growth medium in the green roof. The current trend of medium is usable, not focus on the characteristic of the extensive green roof and the variety. The property of soil is stable but the misgiving is overloading. Due to the high soil humus, the depth will decrease in cultivation soil. Stability and not collapse, light loading, and few nutrients are characteristics of the mixed light-weight medium in the extensive green roof (Rowe, 2006). The aim of this study is based on the extensive green roof to select the medium, combination of the water retention effect and cooling effect was provided. The results show that mixes the peat moss, coir fiber, and fern chips is the best medium for the water retention effect. It is most commonly applied to the short rainy season area. The vermiculite mixes with other material can selected in the long rainy season area such as mix “peat moss, vermiculite, and synthetic fibre”, mix “peat moss, vermiculite, and fern chips”, mix“peat moss, vermiculite, and expanded clay”. In the high moisture content, the combination of the peat moss, vermiculite, and synthetic fibre is the best medium for cooling effect. Due to the lower water content, nine mixed medium will result in high temperature and temperature changes in the dry moisture content phenomenon.
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