臺中縣市幼兒園家長親職壓力、社會支持與親職行為之研究

A Study on Parenting Stress, Social Supports and Parenting Behaviors of Kindergarten Parents in Taichung Area

賴育樺(Yu-Hua Lai)

指導教授 ： 蔡嫦娟

朝陽科技大學/人文暨社會學院/幼兒保育系/碩士(2009年)

摘要

本研究旨在探究臺中縣市幼兒園家長親職壓力、社會支持與親職行為的情形。其研究目的為：1.瞭解幼兒園家長親職壓力、社會支持與親職行為的現況。2.分析不同背景變項的幼兒園家長親職壓力、社會支持與親職行為的差異情形。3.探討親職壓力、社會支持與親職行為三者間的關係。
本研究採問卷調查法，以家中育有就讀幼兒園子女之家長為研究對象，並以「幼兒園家長問卷調查表」為研究工具，總計發出問卷516份，回收有效問卷432份。將調查所得之結果分別採取描述性統計、t檢定、單因子變異數分析、Pearson積差相關等方法進行統計分析。
根據研究結果，獲得以下的結論：
1.幼兒園家長的親職壓力大致偏低，在「父母角色的壓力感受」與「親子相處的壓力感受」二個層面中，以「親子相處的壓力感受」得分最高。
2.幼兒園家長的社會支持大致偏高，在「情緒性支持」、「訊息性支持」、「工具性支持」三個層面中，父母獲得的社會支持以「訊息性支持」最多，「情緒性支持」最少。
3.幼兒園家長的親職行為表現大致良好，在「生活照顧」、「肢體接觸」、「情緒支持」、「常規教導」、「親子活動」五個層面中，父母較常表現的親職行為以「常規教導」最多，「親子活動」最少。
4.幼兒園家長的親職壓力因父母性別、年齡、教育程度、就業情形、家庭經濟狀況、家庭結構，以及子女性別、子女健康狀況之不同而有差異。
5.幼兒園家長的社會支持因父母性別、教育程度、家庭經濟狀況、家庭結構、子女健康狀況之不同而有差異。
6.幼兒園家長的親職行為因父母性別、教育程度、就業情形、家庭經濟狀況、家庭結構、子女性別、家中子女數、子女健康狀況之不同而有差異。
7.在幼兒園家長親職壓力與社會支持的相關分析上，發現親職壓力與社會支持呈顯著負相關。在親職壓力與親職行為的相關分析上，發現大多呈顯著負相關，唯有「生活照顧」層面未達顯著相關。在社會支持與親職行為的相關分析上，發現大多呈顯著正相關，只有在「工具性支持」、「生活照顧」層面，某些未達顯著相關。
最後，依據上述之研究發現，分別針對政府機關與社福機構、教育工作者、幼兒園家長及未來研究提出具體建議。

關鍵字：親職壓力、社會支持、親職行為

關鍵字

親職壓力 ； 社會支持 ； 親職行為

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of parenting stress, social supports, and parenting behaviors of kindergarten parents in Taichung Area. The objectives of this research were: (1) to understand the parenting stress, social supports, and parenting behaviors of kindergarten parents; (2) to analyze the differences in parenting stress, social supports, and parenting behaviors among kindergarten parents with different background variables; and (3) to investigate the relationship among parenting stress, social support, and parenting behavior.
The subjects of the questionnaire were parents of children studied in kindergartens .The research tool was “the questionnaire survey on kindergarten parents”. A total of 516 questionnaires were distributed, and 432 valid copies were returned. The collected data were analysed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson product-moment correlation.
According to the research findings, the following conclusions were induced:
1.Generally specking, the kindergarten parents feel low parenting stress. The respondents’ scores on the “parental role stress” and “parent gets along with child stress” levels showed that ”parent gets along with child stress” received the highest score.
2.Generally specking, the kindergarten parents received higher social supports. The respondents’ scores on the “emotional support”, “informational support”, and ”instrumental support” levels showed that ”informational support” received the highest score, while the score for “emotional support” was the lowest.
3.Generally specking, the kindergarten parents have higher parenting behaviors. The respondents’ scores on the “day care”, “physical touch”, “mood support”, ”routines teaching”, and ”parenthood activity” levels showed that ” routines teaching” received the highest score, while the score for “parenthood activity” was the lowest.
4.Different parents’ sex, parents’ ages, parents’ education backgrounds, parents’ job statuses, family economic statuses, family type, childs’ sex, and childs’ health statuses would lead to different parenting stress on kindergarten parents.
5.Different parents’ sex, parents’ education backgrounds, family economic statuses, family type, and childs’ health statuses would lead to different social supports on kindergarten parents.
6.Different parents’ sex, parents’ education backgrounds, parents’ job statuses, family economic statuses, family type, childs’ sex, the number of children, and childs’ health statuses would lead to different parenting behaviors on kindergarten parents.
7.The correlation results revealed that the significantly negative correlation existed between parenting stress and social supports. Moreover, most associations among factors in parenting stress and parenting behaviors areas were also significantly negative related, except for one level (i.e., day care), which showed insignificant correlation. Furthermore, the results also indicated that the majority of the associations among factors in social supports and parenting behaviors areas were significantly positively correlated, except for some factors in the instrumental support and day care areas.
Finally ,based on the above research findings, suggestions were proposed for the government, social welfare organization, educators, kindergarten parents, and future studies.

Key words: parenting stress, social support, parenting behavior

並列關鍵字

parenting stress ； social support ； parenting behavior

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