營建勞工工作負荷與姿勢評估之研究－以系統模板為例

Assessment of Construction Worker’s Working Posture and Work Load－A Case Study on Form Assembly Work

陳皇賢(Huang-Hsien Chen)

指導教授 ： 鄭道明

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/營建工程系/碩士(2009年)

摘要

在營建環境中，往往因工作特性，需長時間持續以重複性動作或姿勢執行作業，容易使勞工身體產生肌肉骨骼傷害等相關問題。經由過去有關人體能量代謝研究發現，人體一旦執行有關之體力工作，能量消耗就會不斷提升，在勞工作業時，身體能量消耗的多寡會隨著工作負荷之輕重而有所變化。前人對於營建業危害之評估所做研究多為針對勞工作業時姿勢危害等級相關研究調查，並提出相關建議及改善方法，而對於工作能量消耗未進行調查與探討。因此，本研究主要提出營建業勞工在工作時之姿勢危害等級與工作能量消耗評估，並由研究結果提出相關結論及建議，以作為後續研究者之參考依據及研究方向建議。
本研究主要以實驗之模式探討系統模板工作時姿勢危害與工作負荷之情況，於施工現場進行攝影機拍攝與心搏率量測，並使用OWAS、REBA進行姿勢危害等級評估，Viewlog程式軟體分析心搏率。經由OWAS、REBA姿勢危害等級評估可得知，系統模板工種之姿勢危害等級以高至低排名為柱、牆、版。而本研究以常態假設檢定判斷系統模板三項工種之心搏率有無顯著之差別，經由檢定結果判斷三項工種疲勞程度未有顯著之差別。最後藉由統計相關性分析，分析姿勢危害等級評估與心搏率評估兩者間之關聯性。結果顯示，在OWAS與REBA姿勢評估系統與平均心搏率之相關係數趨近於零相關，因此可知姿勢危害等級與工作能量消耗在營建業未有明顯之關係。

關鍵字

OWAS ； 系統模板 ； REBA ； 心搏率

並列摘要

Workers have to execute works in continuously repeated actions or postures in a construction environment. Such condition has made the workers vulnerable to injuries in relating to muscles and bones. According to previous studies on physical energy metabolism, it was found that energy consumption continued increasing once a person was involved in the works consuming physical strength. Energy consumption varies based on workload while workers are doing their jobs. Previous studies in relating to the hazards brought by the construction industry mostly focused on working posture endangerment grading and on bringing up suggestions and improvement methods. As a result, no survey and discussions have been made on energy consumption at work. Therefore, this study tends to propose the posture endangerment grade evaluation and energy consumption assessment at work. The related conclusions and suggestions are also made according to the results obtained in this paper and serve as a reference for follow-up researchers and a guide for futher study.
This study mainly explores working posture endangerment and workload while executing form assembly. On-site shooting and heart rate measurements were made upon executions. OWAS and REBA were applied to evaluate working posture endangerment. The software, Viewlog, was used to analyze heart rates. According to the OWAS and REBA evaluation on working postures, those dealing with columns, walls and plates ranked the top three hazards while taking various types of form assembly into consideration. In this study, it was hypothesized that there were or were no significant differences between heart rates categorized by the three types of form assembly under normal conditions. The results proved that there were no significant differences in fatigue rating influenced by the above mentioned three types of form assembly. Finally, the correlation between the posture endangerment grade evaluation and heart rates was explored via statistical correlation analysis. The results showed that the correlation function indicating the correlation between OWAS and REBA posture evaluation systems and the average heart rates is close to zero. Therefore, it was found that no significant correlation between posture endangerment grading and working energy consumption was shown in the construction industry.

並列關鍵字

form assembly ； OWAS ； heart rate ； REBA

參考文獻

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