本論文使用顯示性比較優勢(Revealed Comparative Advantage, RCA),對亞洲四小龍與越南的貿易競爭力進行評比,並且探討影響出口競爭力之因素。 本文首先對礦產與石油業、鞋類業、電器與電子設備業、服裝與飾品業、鋼鐵業及機械業等六項產業進行研究,以瞭解各國出口競爭力的變化情形。實證結果顯示,在礦產與石油業以越南與新加坡競爭力較佳;鞋類業以越南與香港競爭力較佳;在電氣與電子設備業以香港、台灣與新加坡較具有競爭力;在服裝與飾品業則以越南及香港的競爭力較強。在鋼鐵業以韓國與台灣的競爭力較佳;在機械業新加坡的競爭力較強。 在出口競爭力的影響因素方面,固定資本比例及外國直接投資對礦產、鞋類業、服裝業有正向影響,每人GDP有負向影響。因此欲提高這些產業的出口競爭力,應加強國內投資,引進外資,並利用低工資的優勢以增加顯示性比較優勢。
This study used the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) to investigate the export competitiveness of Vietnam and NIEs major industries, and analyze the main factors that affect the export competitiveness of Vietnam and NIEs. Empirical results suggested that, in terms of the mineral oil industry, Vietnam and Singapore demonstrated higher competitiveness; in the footwear industry, Vietnam and Hong Kong demonstrated higher competitiveness; in the electrical and electronic equipment industry, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore demonstrated higher competitiveness; in the articles of apparel and accessories industry, Vietnam and Hong Kong demonstrated higher competitiveness; in the iron and steel industry, Korea and Taiwan demonstrated higher competitiveness; in the machinery industry, Singapore demonstrated higher competitiveness. With regard to the influence factors of export competitiveness, capital proportion and foreign direct investment demonstrated positive effects on the RCA value of mineral oil industry, footwear industry and the articles of apparel industry, but GDP per capita demonstrated negative effects on the export competitiveness. It can be concluded that, in order to effectively raise the export competitiveness of Vietnam and NIEs, we should strengthen domestic investment and foreign direct investment. The advantage of low wages should be fully utilized in the development of labor intensive industries to increase the revealed comparative advantage.