臺灣機械及電子製造業出口競爭力之研究

Export Competitiveness of Machinery and Electronics Manufacturing in Taiwan

鄭佳欣(Chia-Hsin Cheng)

指導教授 ： 王親仁

國立臺中科技大學/商學院/企業管理系碩士班/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6826/NUTC.2015.00021

摘要

臺灣是以出口為導向的海島型國家，根據財政部關務署統計資料庫顯示，2014年我國出口額及貿易出超皆創史上新高，最大出口項目為機械設備及電子製造業，出口貿易值達1,548億美元，占出口比重49.36%，成長7.67%，其中電子製造業占出口39.32%，機械製造業占出口10.03%，可見機械及電子製造業對臺灣經濟發展影響的重要性。因此，如何提升產業的整體國際競爭力及強化出口拓銷力道，使出口具有國際市場競爭優勢，乃當前重要課題。
　　本研究利用國際貿易中心(International Trade Centre, ITC)資料，以調整後貿易表現指標作為分析工具，探討我國機械及電子製造業現況及出口趨勢，找出其中具有競爭力之產品。此外，應用HS編碼將有關機械及電子製造業產品分門歸類，以顯示性比較優勢指標衡量貿易專業化程度，並配合市場占有率的觀察，以瞭解我國出口表現，期能讓我國廠商了解出口競爭優勢，以供相關單位產業競爭策略與出口補助政策之參考。
　　研究結果顯示電子製造產品出口值較高，對臺灣出口影響最大，但機械產品出口值成長率卻優於電子產品，而且機械製造產品在世界占有率之成長率略優於電子製造產品，可惜機械及電子製造產品之出口量未有緩急成長趨勢。然而，機械及電子製造之產品差異性皆較小，因而高度集中在有限產品的出口，而且有一定程度的依賴於個別前三大出口市場。

關鍵字

出口競爭力 ； 顯示性比較優勢指標 ； 貿易表現指標 ； 機械及電子製造業

並列摘要

According to the official database, our exports surplus hit a new high in 2014. Machinery and Electronic Manufacturing is the largest export product which amounted 1,548 billion US dollars of export value and took 49.36% in national export share. It shows the importance of Machinery and Electronic Manufacturing to the economic development in Taiwan. Therefore, promoting the global competitiveness of industry and enhancing robustness of export marketing is the crucial issue to export competitiveness in international market.
　　This article analyzes the situation and trend of export of Taiwan’s Machinery and Electronics Manufacturing for finding the competitive products by means of adjusted Trade Performance Index based on International Trade Centre (ITC) data. Furthermore, the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index is used to measure the degree of trade specialization for understanding industry export advantages and designing industrial subsidy policy based on 4-digit level of the Harmonized System raw trade data.
　　The empirical results indicate that Electronics Manufacturing got the greatest values and has significant impact on Taiwan's business, but the groth rate of both export value and the world market share of Machinery Manufacturing was better than that of Electronics. However, the growth rate of export volume in machinery and electronics manufacturing is not much significant. In addition, both of them were highly concentrated in a limited export of products and deeply dependant on three biggest export markets.

並列關鍵字

Export Competitiveness ； Revealed Comparative Advantage Index ； Trade Performance Index ； Machinery and Electronics Manufacturing

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