利用百慕達草及假儉草復育受柴油污染土壤之植生復育

Phytoremediation of diesel contaminated soils by bermudagrass and centipedegrass

許鳴翔(Ming-Hsiang Hsu)

指導教授 ： 王敏昭 ； 張簡水紋

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

植生復育(phytoremediation)被普遍認同是有機物及無機物污染土壤之環境友善與經濟有效之整治方法。本試驗自行發展設計一種透明玻璃盆栽箱可同時觀察種植之假儉草(Centipedegrass)或百慕達草(Bermudagrass)於柴油污染石英砂、紅壤及沖積土中對三種等級濃度範圍柴油之植生降解作用(phytodegradation)；其中，石英砂做為栽培基質之對照組。研究結果指出柴油污染土壤添加土重5 %之堆肥再種植假儉草或百慕達草60天後，可促進污染土壤中柴油之降解率，最高可達約70 %。然而，柴油於石英砂、紅壤及沖積土之自然削減(natural attenuation)，則僅為15-40 %。雖然在較高柴油濃度之土壤會稍抑制兩種草類之生長，但是仍能維持55-60 % 之柴油降解率。柴油污染土壤之總菌落數隨污染土壤柴油濃度之增加而增加；再者，添加堆肥亦可提昇土壤之總菌落數，其應是添加之堆肥可供給微生物生長之碳、氮及無機鹽類。相對應的，根圈土壤水溶性酚類香草酸(vanillic acid)之濃度，亦隨污染土壤中柴油濃度之增加而增加，且添加堆肥亦可提昇土壤可溶性酚類香草酸之濃度。假儉草及百慕達草種植於添加柴油至石英砂、紅壤及沖積土60天後，少量之柴油可為植物根吸收再傳輸之地上部；添加堆肥亦可促進植物根對柴油之吸收；其可歸因於微生物分解堆肥釋放之養分，促進植物根之生長，進而促進植物根對柴油之吸收。綜合諸探討因子
II
對污染土壤中柴油之植生降解(phytodegradation)之影響，可歸納指出假儉草及百慕達草均可作為植生復育(phytoremediation)之草類，另外土壤微生物亦會調制(mediate)有機質之降解，促進植物根系之發育及植株及生長，以及微生物之代謝產物與有機質之降解之協同作用(synergistic effect)，促進污染土壤中柴油之降解。

關鍵字

總菌落數 ； 水溶性酚類 ； 自然削減 ； 降解率 ； 百慕達草 ； 植生復育 ； 假儉草

並列摘要

Phytoremediation is considered as an environmentally friendly as well as cost effective remediation method for the soils contaminated by organic and inorganic compounds. We developed and designed a kind of transparent glass case, which can be divided into nine compartments with three concentration levels of spiked diesel to observe the effect of planted centipedegrass and burmudagrass on the phytoremediation of diesel in quartz sand and red and alluvial soils amended with or without compost (5%, w/w). Planted centipedegrass and burmudagrass associated with the amendment of compost promoted the degradation of diesel up to 70% in the two soils, while the natural attenuation of diesel in quartz and the two soils was 15–40%. Although higher diesel concentration inhibited the growth of centipedegrass and burmudagrass, they still can attain the degradation of diesel at 55–60%. The microbial population of diesel contaminated quartz sand and red and alluvial soils increased with increasing spiked diesel concentration. Moreover, planted centipedegrass and burmudagrass associated with the amendment of compost promoted the growth of microorganisms. This is probably because decomposed compost provide microorganisms the carbon, nitrogen and other nutrients. Correspondingly, the concentration of water soluble phenol vanillic acid in rhizosphere quartz sand and red and alluvial soils increased with increasing spiked diesel concentration. In addition, the planted two grasses associated with the amendment of compost promoted the concentration of water soluble phenol vanillic acid in rhizosphere quartz sand and red and alluvial soils. At the end of 60 d growth period, the roots of both centipedegrass and burmudagrass absorbed small amounts of diesel from quartz sand and the two soils and transported to the aboveground parts. It was also found that planted
IV
grasses associated with the amendment of compost promoted the absorption of diesel by roots of the two grasses. This is probably because released nutrients from decomposed compost promoted grass roots development as well as shoots growth, which in turn promoted the absorption of diesel by roots. The synergistic effect of roots development of selected centipedegrass and burmudagrass, decomposition of amended compost mediated by microorganisms, and relevant metabolites present in rhizosphere thus governed the efficacy of phytoremediation.

並列關鍵字

Microbial Population ； Vanillic Acid ； Natural Attenuation ； Percentage ； Bermudagrass ； Centipedegrass ； Phytoremediation

參考文獻

Agamuthu, P. Abioye, O.P., Abdul A. Aziz” Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with used lubricating oil using” Journal of Hazardous Materials Vol.179 pp. 891–894(2010)

Anderson, T, A,. Kruger, E. L., and Coat,J.R., “Enhanced degradation of a mixture of three herbicides in the rhizosphere of a herbicide-tolerant plant.”.Chemosphere, Vol. 28 pp. 1551-1557(1994).

Binet P., Portal J.M., Leyval C., “Dissipation of 3-6 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the rhizosphere of ryegrass,” Soil Biol Biochem Vol.32, pp.2011-2017 (2000).

Yang, J., Shen, K., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Enhancement of phenanthere and pygene degradation in rhizosphere of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea).J.Hazard.Mater.Vol. 166, pp.1226-1231(2009).

Cunningham, S.D., Anderson,T.A., Schwab,A.P., andHsu,F.C., “Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with organic pollutants,” Adv. Agron., Vol. 56, pp. 55-114 (1996).