蔬菜園及蓮霧園農藥廢容器調查及分析

台灣農民使用各種農藥防治作物病蟲害，不當的使用農藥對環境及人民健康有一定的風險，為維護台灣環境及國人健康，調查農民使用偽劣農藥之狀況，以研究台灣不同作物農藥之使用，乃本研究主要之議題。藉由收集農藥廢容器之調查，可間接瞭解農民使用農藥之狀況及偽劣藥佔有比例，本研究以調查台灣重要蓮霧生產區及蔬菜生產區之農藥使用種類及用藥型態。2013年11月至2014年2月採及蔬菜園之農藥廢容器總樣品數為694件，2016年8月至2017年5月採集蓮霧園農藥廢容器，總樣品數為544件。分析結果可以得知使用於蔬菜園之農藥以殺蟲劑60.8%最高，其次為殺菌劑30.9%，其中採集到樣品量最多之蔬菜種類為甘藍菜及花椰菜，而使用於甘藍菜及花椰菜之殺蟲劑以托福松出現頻率為最高，且在採集到的694個樣品中，發現偽藥有229件 (32.9%)，分別為殺蟲劑157件(22.6%) 、殺菌劑71件(10.2%)及1件除草劑。於本研究蔬菜調查顯示出雲林、嘉義、彰化地區使用之偽藥比例分別為33%、36%及31%，政府應加強管理及宣導。蓮霧園農藥使用以殺菌劑44.3%最高，其次為殺蟲劑40.2%及除草劑4.0%，使用之殺菌劑出現頻率最高為達滅芬，而蓮霧園使用之偽藥僅占了2.9%，顯示出屏東之蓮霧區政府管理及農民用藥較為嚴謹。

關鍵字

農藥廢容器；偽藥；殺菌劑；殺蟲劑；除草劑

並列摘要

Farmers of Taiwan apply various pesticides to control crop pests. Inappropriate use of pesticides may give risks to environment and human health. In order to protect the health of publics, it is important to monitor the legal use of pesticides. By collecting banned pesticide waste containers from field, we can indirectly understand the pesticides accustomed used by farmers and the probably utilize of counterfeit pesticides. This study surveyed the pesticide waste containers deposited in wax apple orchards in Pintung County and vegetable fields in Zhanghua, Yunlin, and Chiayi Counties of Taiwan. Totally 694 waste containers of pesticides were collected from vegetable fields during the time period of from November, 2013 to February, 2014; and 544 pesticide waste containers were collected from wax apple orchards from August,2016 to May,2017. Analysis of these waste containers revealed the major pesticides applied to vegetables were insecticides, accounted for 60.8% of the total pesticides applied to, followed by fungicides, which accounted for 30.9%. Most insecticide containers were collected from cabbage and cauliflower fields with Terbufos been most numerous. Among the 694 waste containers collected, 229 (32.9%) were counterfeit pesticides, composed of 157 (22.6%) insecticides, 71 (10.2%) fungicides, and one herbicide. Geographically, the surveyed vegetable fields in Zhanghua, Yunlin, and Chiyi Counties had 31%, 33%, and 36%, respectively, of pesticide waste containers been counterfeit pesticide. This indicated counterfeit pesticides were generally applied in vegetable fields. The governmental offices should carry more regulative and educative efforts on this matter. Whereas the major pesticides applied to wax apple were fungicides that accounted for 44.3% with dimethomorp been most numerous, followed by insecticides and herbicides that accounted for 40.2% and 4.0%, respectively. Counterfeit pesticides composed only 2.9%. The low proportion of counterfeit pesticide indicated a more strict governmental regulation and higher prevalence of wax apple farmers to apply pesticides legally.