研發能力與研發績效之相關性研究－兼論組織環境與人格特質之中介效果

A Study on the Relationship between R&D Capability and R&D Performance - Further Discussion on the Mediating Effects of Organizational Environment and Personality

莊文山(Wen-San Chuang)

指導教授 ： 龔昶元 ； 鍾任琴

朝陽科技大學/管理學院/企業管理系台灣產業策略發展博士班/博士(2018年)

摘要

機械產業乃是國家工業的基礎與製造業之母，同時也是一個國家工業化程度的指標；機械技術的水準能夠反映一個國家的工作技術水平，而技術水平的評斷往往須以組織整體的研發績效作為評斷依據。近年來傳統產業的人才招募愈形困難，其中以研發人員的斷層最為嚴重，在傳統產業的研發部門中亦是如此，如何使研發人員在組織中有效的提升研發能力並進而增進研發績效是目前許多組織重視的問題。
本研究的目的在探討機械產業中，研發能力是透過何種方式影響研發績效？而在多數影響的相關變項中，組織環境與研發人員的人格特質是否對研發績效的影響相對較為直接？故本研究針對研發能力、組織環境、人格特質與研發績效等研究變項進行相關文獻的歸納與整理，並且運用問卷調查來進行實證分析。
本研究以台灣的機械產業為研究對象，調查時間為106年11月至107年1月；針對台灣地區機械公會廠商名冊所載之廠商進行隨機抽樣，隨機抽取400間廠商進行問卷調查，回收共計357份有效樣本據以分析。
由本研究的研究結果發現，研發能力對研發績效具有顯著的影響效果，且組織環境與人格特質不論何者為因、何者為果，皆在研發能力與研發績效間扮演部分中介的角色；換言之，不論何者為因何者為果，皆能修正研發能力對研發績效的影響。故本研究發現了組織環境與人格特質在研發能力與研發績效之間具有「因果型雙中介效果」。最後，本研究根據研究結論提出研究貢獻、未來研究建議與研究限制。

關鍵字：研發能力、組織環境、人格特質、研發績效、因果型雙中介效果

關鍵字

因果型雙中介效果 ； 研發績效 ； 人格特質 ； 組織環境 ； 研發能力

並列摘要

Machine industry is the foundation of a country's industry and the mother of manufacturing; it also serves as an indicator of the country's industrialization level. A country's technology level in the workplace can often be reflected in its level of machine technology, and technology level can often be judged by an organization's performance in R&D. In recent years, recruitment for conventional industries have become increasingly difficult, this is especially true for the recruitment of R&D personnel for conventional industries. The question of how to effectively increase the R&D ability of R&D staffs to increase performance in R&D, is a hot topic within many organizations.
The goal of this research is to study how R&D ability affects R&D performance in the machine industry. In all the related variables that are affected by multiple influences, to the environment of an organization and the personality of a R&D staff relatively have more direct affect on R&D performance? Thus this research targeted R&D ability, organizational environment, personality quirk, R&D performance and other research variables for literature summarizing and sorting, and choose the method of questionnaires for empirical analysis
Our research target is the Machine industry of Taiwan, in the time frame between November of 2017 and January of 2018. We randomly selected 400 companies from rosters provided by the Taiwan Association of Machinery Industry for questionnaires. In total we received 357 copies of effective sample for analysis.
Our research discovered R&D capability does have a Significant affect on R&D performance. Also, regardless on which one is the cause, both organizational environment and personality quirk can act as intermediaries, and in other words, modify the effect R&D capability have on R&D performance. This research discovered that both organizational environment and personality quirk can cause a causal dual mediating effect between R&D capability and R&D performances. Lastly, based on the conclusion, this research provides research contribution, future research suggestion, and research limitation.

Key words: R&D Capability, R&D Performance, Personality, Organizational Environment, Causal Dual Mediating Effects.

並列關鍵字

Organizational Environment ； Personality ； R&D Performance ； R&D Capability ； Causal Dual Mediating Effects

參考文獻

Bollen, K. A., & Stine, R. A. (1992). Bootstrapping goodness-of-fit measures in structural equation models. Sociological Methods and Research, 21, 205-229.

Kirton, M. (1976). Adaptors and innovators: A description and measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61(5), 622-629.

一、中文部分

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