應用資料探勘之決策樹於國小教師工作壓力來源之分析～以彰化縣為例

Apply the Decision Tree in Data Mining to Analyze the Source of Job Stress for Elementary School Teachers in Changhua County

林淑芬(Shu-Fen Lin)

指導教授 ： 洪士程

朝陽科技大學/資訊學院/資訊工程系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

本篇論文旨在探討彰化縣國民小學教師在不同個人背景變項對於其工作壓力的關係，據以提供國民小學教師有效管理與化解工作壓力之參考。首先採取問卷調查法進行樣本蒐集，蒐集對象以「彰化縣」之現職公立國民小學教師為主，共發出274份問卷，回收260份，有效問卷為238份，問卷回收率為94.9%，問卷有效率為86.86%。在實證調查部分所使用的研究工具為「國民小學教師工作壓力調查問卷」，包含「個人基本資料」、「工作壓力量表」兩部份。利用8項個人背景變項為特性與1項工作壓力感受程度為類別，將所得資料利用以下統計方法進行資料分析:百分比、平均數、與標準差。接著藉由資料探勘技術中的決策樹來探討背景變項與工作壓力感受程度之間的關係。在使用決策樹分析後獲得共17條與工作壓力有關的規則，其中低度工作壓力程度有5條規則，中度工作壓力程度有6條規則，高度工作壓力程度有6條規則。整理規則後發現國小教師工作壓力接近中等程度且大部分教師集中在低、中壓力組。高度工作壓力通常發生在大型學校，中、低度工作壓力則常見於小、中型學校。從低度工作壓力規則來看，可以歸納出以下三個特性，(1)年齡在31歲以上、(2)子女人數較少、(3)學校規模較小；反之從高度工作壓力規則來看，可以歸納出以下三個特性，(1)年齡在40歲以下、(2)子女人數較少、(3)學校規模屬於大型。最後，根據決策樹所得之分類規則，可提供教師了解個人背景變項和工作壓力之關係，並提出具體建議，減緩教師工作壓力，增進教學效能以及身心健康。

關鍵字

國民小學教師 ； 工作壓力 ； 決策樹 ； 資料探勘

並列摘要

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the job stress of elementary school teachers who have different personal background in Changhua county. The research results will provide the elementary school teachers to effectively manage and resolve their job stress. At first, this work adopts questionnaire study for 274 sampling teachers who are currently serving in Changhua County elementary schools. There are 260 questionnaires returned and 238 questionnaires are valid. The recovery rates and valid rates are 94.9% and 86.86%, respectively. The tool of empirical investigation used in this work is the job stress questionnaire of elementary school teacher. The questionnaire job stress of elementary school teacher includes personal information and job stress scale. There are eight attributes that include important personal background variables and three classes of job stress. All collecting data are analyzed using statistical methods such as distribution, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Then, the data mining technique and decision tree are used to analyze the job stress of elementary school teacher. After applying the See 5 software of decision tree, we obtained 17 relevant rules about job stress conditions. They are 5 rules for low job stress degree, 6 rules for moderate job stress degree, and 6 rulers for height job stress degree. Result shows most of the job stress of elementary school teachers concentrated in low-medium stress. High degree of job stress usually occurs in large-scale school. Medium and low degree of job stress appears in small-scale and medium-scale school. We found that if a teacher who is more than 31 years old, few children in family, and the scale of the school is small and medium, the job stress tends to low. On the other hand, if the age of a teacher is from 31 to 40 years old, few children in family, and the scale of the school is large, the job stress tends to high. Finally, the result of this study can mitigate teacher’s stress and improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning as well as physical and mental health.

並列關鍵字

Elementary school teacher ； Decision tree ； Data mining ； Job stress

參考文獻

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