產品知識對設計發展之影響

EFFECTS OF PRODUCT KNOWLEDGE ON DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

饒海平(Hai-Ping Jao)

指導教授 ： 葉雯玓

大同大學/設計學院/工業設計學系所/碩士(2005年)

摘要

設計師身處於消費社會，他所擔任的可能角色，一是去商店購買商品的消費者，二是使用產品的使用者，三是某項產品的創造者。設計師所累積的知識除了來自專業教育及訓練之外，還包括在消費社會中對各種產品的了解及認知。本研究的重點是針對產品知識中的主觀知識和經驗知識，以電動刮鬍刀之實際設計案例來探討知識在設計發展時的運作狀況，即在於當設計師設計產品時，他身處於消費社會所累積的產品知識，如何被應用，知識對解決設計問題所提供的助益為何？是否會因知識的不同程度而產生差異，此外，不同知識程度對設計導向策略和設計成果之自我評價的影響又為何？不同種類的知識對於設計構想發展的影響力是否也會有差異？
本論文以實驗設計的方式來進行，採定額抽樣，先進行受試者產品知識程度的量測，再挑選出適合的受試者來進行實驗設計任務，最後以受試者在設計發展過程中最滿意的一案來進行知識應用的回溯訪談。將由量測問卷、設計草圖及回溯訪談表來進行實驗結果分析。
以歸納法、敘述統計、因素分析、集群分析、單因子變異數分析、雙因子變異數分析、相關分析等來進行分析。研究主要發現：
1.在知識的應用方面；設計師使用經驗知識對設計所產生的助益有六類，在設計師設計產品的過程中出現的頻率比例分別是「形成自身對產品期望」(6%)、「發現現有設計的優缺點」(8%)、「產品組成項目之設計參考」(8%)、「幫助確定產品設計要求」(39%)、「改良現有設計」(12%)及「對現有設計捨缺取優」(27%)，經驗知識幫助設計師發現產品的問題點和需求點；尤其是確立產品設計的要求，在做改良的設計時，自我所累積下來的使用經驗就可作為適用性判斷的標準，而確認此設計特徵存在之必要，使設計師了解每個產品特徵實際的作用。
2.經驗知識程度不同對經驗知識應用的差異方面：知識程度不同的設計師在面對設計問題時，腦中激發的經驗知識構面會有差異，即使是在相同的知識構面上也會因設計師本身具有知識的程度不同，而造成對設計師的啟發不同，所洞悉的設計問題也有所差異。
3.在知識程度差異對設計的影響方面；
（1）設計導向策略：具有豐富產品使用經驗者會朝「功能」的方向去發展設計構想；比較了解產品者認為產品受歡迎特點也是偏向「功能」方面。但在都具有使用經驗的情況下，曾經使用產品者就比頻繁使用產品者重視「美感」方面的設計考量。
（2）自我評價方面；於經驗知識程度高相對於經驗知識程度低的設計師對產品上市受歡迎的程度較具信心。
4.經驗知識對設計的影響力較主觀知識大，在設計導向策略和對產品上市受歡迎的信心上都是經驗知識具有影響力。
5.經驗知識程度高會在設計過程中應用刮鬍經驗知識和應用電動刮鬍經驗也高，且提高在設計草圖的設計特徵中利用經驗知識的程度，連帶提高對自己設計產品的滿意度，顯示出設計師設計自己使用過的產品會比較容易達到滿意，對其上市受歡迎的程度也具有信心。

關鍵字

產品知識 ； 設計發展 ； 設計導向策略

並列摘要

The designer the possible role which holds the post in the expense society, one goes to the consumer which the store purchases the commodity, two is the user which uses the product, three is some item of product inventor. Therefore the designer becomes some sign disseminator, but simultaneously also becomes other signs receiver. The designer accumulates the knowledge not only comes from the education and the training, but also accumulates in the entire expense society to each sign, namely each kind of product, understanding and cognition.
The key point of this research lies in when the designer designs the product, his product knowledge, especially regard to the subject and experience-base knowledge which accumulates in the expense society, how to be applied, what to be applied for? And the knowledge varying degree whether can create the difference for application, as well as what influence on the design approaching strategy and the self- appraisal for design achievement? Different type knowledge regarding design conception development influence whether is in the degree of difference? For example, the subjective knowledge influences on the design approaching strategy more than the experience-base knowledge? It takes the electronic razor as the practical design case to observe the operation situation of the product knowledge in the design development.
The research take the experiment to execute, the sampling way is the quota sampling to invite the subjects for measuring the product knowledge and choose the appropriate people to join the experiment design assignment, finally by receiving the most satisfactory sketch in the design developing process to carry on recollection interview. To obtained questionnaire, design sketch and recollection interview list for analysis.
To take the integration, the descriptive statistics, the factor analysis, the cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA analysis, two-way ANOVA and the correlation analysis as the experiment data analysis tool. Experimental conclusion summary as follows:

1.About the knowledge application: there are six kinds of benefits to design for applying the experience-base , the frequency that they appear while the designer designed the products are : ” creating the expectation for product” (6%), “finding the advantage and disadvantage in the design of present product “ (8%), “ being the design reference for the component items” (8%)、” making sure the design brief “ (39%), “improving the present design” (12%) and “taking the advantage and discarding the disadvantage from the present design” (27%). The experience-based knowledge to help the designer to find the problems and needs of product ,especially to make sure the design brief , and the accumulated knowledge could be the reference for assessing suitability in design while improving the present product design, to conform the design feature necessity of existing, and let designer to know the real operation in every product feature.
2.The varying experience-based knowledge creating the difference in application the experience-based knowledge: the varying knowledge degree designers arouse the different structure of experience-based knowledge while facing the design problem, even though in the same structure of knowledge, the designers also have he different inspiration and insight for design problem along with the different knowledge degree.
3. The influence in the design development from the varying product knowledge degree:
（1）The design approaching strategy: the designer’s design approaching strategy, who with the most product using experience ,is in “function” field, and the more understanding product designers’ reason for judging his design being popular is also in “function” field. But both of them with the product using experience, the “used” group is more emphasize on the “ esthetic” field than “using” field.
（2）The self-appraisal for design achievement: the high degree experience-based knowledge designers have the more confidence for his design being popular in market than the low degree ones.
4.There is more influence in the experience-based knowledge than subject knowledge for the design development, such as in the design approaching strategy and the confidence for the design being popular in market, the experience-based knowledge is more influenced.
5.The higher degree of experience-base knowledge designers apply the more shaving and electronic razor using experience knowledge in design processing, and apply more experience-based knowledge in the listed popular design features of the sketch, and have more satisfaction for the design achievement. It shows the designers design the product which be used before they are more easier to be satisfied with the design achievement and have more confidence for the design being popular in market.

並列關鍵字

Design Approaching Strategy ； Design Development ； Product Knowledge

參考文獻

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