可傾式座椅對高齡者起立坐下影響之研究

A Study on the Effects by Using Recliner during Stand-to-sit and Sit-to-stand for Elderly

陸聯婕(Lien-Chieh Lu)

指導教授 ： 梁成一

大同大學/設計學院/工業設計學系所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

市售座面可前傾之可傾式座椅，欲藉由座面傾斜角度的變換，以幫助高齡者 「起立」 與 「坐下」 動作，然而此座椅的座面前傾對高齡者使用上是否有實質上的幫助，應傾斜多少角度，才可讓高齡者順利從座椅上 「起立」 與 「坐下」，是本篇所要探討的問題。
首先以實地調查及問卷訪談 30 位高齡者日常生活用椅現況探討，發現久坐時可能無法順利完成站立，當 「起立」 與 「坐下」 不便時多半藉由座椅扶手協助完成動作，對於可傾式座椅了解更是缺乏。
在實驗部份分為兩階段，第一階段由 30位高齡者比較無座面傾角 (0°) 和有傾角 (30°) 以及有扶手或無扶手輔助，對於 「起立」 與 「坐下」 之感受，經由雙因子區集變異數分析，結果顯示，在 「起立」 與 「坐下」 時透過座面前傾角度和扶手幫助，可降低下壓力峰值、提高下壓力最小值，因而減少此兩數值之間落差，也確實減少 「起立」 動作所花費時間；進一步的第二階段實驗中，增加多種傾斜角度並搭配扶手使用，也是經由同樣 30 位高齡者的測試，以雙因子區集變異數分析，在 「起立」 動作中發現透過扶手幫助下較好，其中又以座面前傾 40° 最好，執行時間部份更有明顯的幫助，「坐下」 動作中則是將座面調整於 20°、30° 和 40° 較好；主觀感受度針對容易性、舒適性以及安全性三項評分，進行 LSD 事後檢定，結果以自主角度為最好；在人體計測值考量下，經由迴歸分析，座面傾斜角度可以個人體重做大略的估計，本篇研究探討期望做為未來使用及設計上之參考及現實生活中應用。

關鍵字

起立 ； 坐下 ； 可傾式座椅 ； 人體計測 ； 高齡者

並列摘要

Recliner chairs that incline forward in the market intend to help the elderly to sit and stand with changes seat pan inclination angle. The paper explores whether such forward inclination does really help the elderly people and what the angles are will help the elder sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit.
In field investigation and questionnaire of 30 elderly people about their daily life, it was found that it was difficult for them to stand up after sitting for a long time. In difficulties, they reply on chair armrests. They lacked of understanding of recliners.
The experiment was divided into 2 stages. In the first one, the researcher compared the feeling of 30 elderly people on no inclination angle (0°) and with inclination angle (30°) and with or without armrests in their sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit. After a two-way ANOVA with blocking, the results showed, with help of inclination angle and armrest in sitting/standing, peak pressure was reduced and minimum pressure was increased. Reducing the difference between the two pressure values did shorten the time of sit-to-stand: In the 2nd stage, the same 30 elderly people were tested with more inclination angle with armrests. After a two-way ANOVA with blocking, sit-to-stand results were better with help of armrests. The angle of 40° gave best result. The time was also significantly shorter. In stand-to-sit, angles of 20°, 30° and 40° gave better results. Scores were given on subjective feeling on easiness, comfort and safety. After LSD testing, the results showed self-chosen angle was the best. With anthropometry consideration, through regression analysis, chair inclination angle could be approximately predicted by the user’s weight. Hopefully, the findings would be useful for future design reference and application in real life.

並列關鍵字

Stand-to-sit ； Anthropometry ； Recliner ； Elderly ； Sit-to-stand

參考文獻

胡名霞、林慧芬 (民 83)，成年人站立平衡之研究---感覺整合與年齡效應之分析，中華物療治，19 (1)，66-77。

劉春堂 (民 87)，高齡化社會之消費問題與對策，台北：行政院消費者保護委員會。

Aissaoui, R., Lacoste, M., & Dansereau, J. (2001). Analysis of Sliding and Pressure Distribution during a Repositioning of Persons in a Simulator Chair. IEEE Transactions on Neural System and Rehabilitation Engineering, 9 (2), 215-223.

Alexander, N. B., Fry-Welch, D. K., Marshall, L. M., Chung, C. C., & Kowalski, A. M. (1995). Healthy Young and Old Women Differ in Their Trunk Elevation and Hip Pivot Motions When Rising from Supine to Sitting. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 4 (4), 338-343.

Alexander, N. B., Shultz, A. B., & Ashton-Miller, J. A. (1997). Muscle Strength and Rising from a Chair in Older Adults. Muscle & Nerv, 5, 56-59.