本研究目的為探討青少年的吸菸行為對味覺靈敏度、飲食行為及身體質量指數三者的影響。採立意取樣,研究樣本為台南市某高職夜間部學生,共計102人,其中53人有吸菸習慣。研究工具包括尼古丁依賴指數量表、飲食行為分量表及味覺靈敏度測試溶液。研究結果:有吸菸行為者其攝取早餐頻率顯著低於不吸菸者(p<0.05);而味覺閾值平均值方面除酸味閾值外,青少年吸菸者的甜味及苦味閾值高於不吸菸者,其中以苦味尤為顯著(p<0.05),顯示吸菸會降低其對甜味及苦味的靈敏度;而在ㄧ週內金字塔五大類食物及高熱量特殊飲食攝取頻率方面,吸菸者較不吸菸及吸菸行為不明顯者低,其中以蔬菜類、蛋類、高熱量特殊飲食攝取頻率偏低的情況更為顯著(p<0.05);BMI值方面,吸菸者顯著低於不吸菸者(p<0.05)。此外,在味覺靈敏度、吸菸行為及BMI三者關係方面,酸味平均閾值越高者,其BMI及各類食物攝取頻率有偏高的趨勢,而蛋豆魚肉類飲食頻率越高、蔬菜類及奶類攝取越低者,其BMI亦顯著偏高(p<0.05)。在吸菸行為與味覺靈敏度及BMI三者相互影響下,吸菸且尼古丁依賴指數低於3.75者、酸味絕對閾值與奶類攝取頻率量表得分對BMI值有顯著的解釋力。根據本研究的發現,青少年的吸菸行為影響其味覺靈敏度及BMI值,且在各類食物攝取頻率普遍偏低的情況下,易影響青少年對食物的正確選擇,造成青少年生長發育負面的影響。因此,讓青少年了解吸菸行為對味覺靈敏度的影響,並將健康行為概念融入戒菸教育計畫,對日益嚴重的青少年吸菸問題而言是非常重要的。
The aim of this study was to determine adolescents’ smoking behaviors relale taste sensitivity,dietary behaviors and BMI. Data from the dietary frequency questionnaire , modified Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire and tastants test of 102 vocation night junior high shool students in Tainan(n=102; 53 smokers and 49 nonsmokers). The smoking subjectives had significantly higher bitter taste threshold and sweet absolute threshold(p<0.05), and the positive significant correlation was found between bitter taste threshold and smoking behaviors(p<0.01).Somking behaviors were negatively associated with breakfast ,pyramid food intake frequency and BMI. Although there were no significantly differences between sour taste threshold and smoking behaviors, but they presented negative correlation. Besides, the higher sour threshold , the significantly higher BMI was (p<0.05). And the nicotine tolerance between 0 and 3.75 scores ,milk food and the sour absolute threshold had significantly prediction on BMI. The findings suggest the health behaviors and education about quit smoking must occure together.