有機農業創新企業化經營之探討－以A公司IT資訊應用為例

現行農業耕種多採慣行模式，利用高度機械化、單一農作栽植、大量使用化學肥料與農藥，來提高作業效率、降低病蟲害、減少作物損失，以達大量生產之目的。但大量使用這些化學物質不僅對環境生態造成嚴重衝擊與威脅，更影響農產品食用的安全性。隨著生活水平提高，健康與環保問題日益受到重視與討論，消費者所要求的不再是多樣、多量及低價，而是品質與保障。有機農業所標榜的「保護自然生態、不使用化學資材」等特性不僅符合社會訴求和生態期望，生機產品亦日漸受到消費者青睞。本文主要藉由討論有機農業驗證制度，分析現存問題與產銷履歷的價值，透過個案A公司在有機農業研發、生產、銷售，以及透過資訊系統的應用，建立有機農產品可追溯性之基礎，增進供應鏈效益，以建立一個農企業的創新營運機制，提供業界參考。瞭解個案公司於研發、生產、行銷一條鏈的企業化經營，透過農業管理資訊系統，建立有機農業產銷履歷的管理基礎，並以電子商務經營模式協助有機與轉型期農場之農產品行銷至市場。在轉型過程中面對問題考驗，克服挫折與失敗的寶貴經驗，以及透過資訊系統應用進行農業企業化的創新經營模式，建立起轉虧為盈的成功經驗，期望經由實務分享與合作的機會，鼓勵許多對台灣有機農業仍抱持著熱情與實現理想的經營者，共同投入，永續經營。

關鍵字

有機農業；產銷履歷農產品；農業企業化；供應鏈管理；無線射頻識別

並列摘要

The existing multi-adopted conventional farming model using highly mechanized, single crop planting, large-scale use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to improve operational efficiency, reduce pests and diseases, reduce crop losses, and to achieve mass production purposes. But the heavy using chemicals are not only a serious impact on the environment and affect the food security of agricultural products. With higher living quality, health and environmental issues have received increasing consumers’ attention and discussed, consumers are no longer required by diverse sketch maps and cheap, but quality and security. Organic agriculture labeled "protect the natural ecology in the use of chemical materials" and other features not only the demands of society and ecological expectations, life products are also becoming increasingly popular with consumers. Firstly, this article discussed the certification system of Taiwan organic agriculture and analyzed the existing the agriculture problems, and then point out the value of traceability information system through the secondary data collection and case study of the A company, which is an organic agriculture enterprise. Finally, this paper discussed the A company story in the development, production, sales, and the application of agricultural management information system, and using B2C e-commerce model to assist with the transition from organic farms to consumers. The traceability of organic agricultural products provide food safety and environment friendly, and it will create a opportunity to establish a research and development, production, marketing an innovative agribusiness chain operating mechanism. This paper also provide the valuable experiences of the A company, including e-business and the traceability system planning, and set up the successful experience of turnaround, to encourage farmers and enterprises still hold the passion and cooperation with the value chain partners to improving competition of Taiwan Organic agriculture.