尼諾．羅塔《D大調單簧管與鋼琴的奏鳴曲》作品分析與演奏詮釋

摘要奏鳴曲(Sonata)是一種相當受到作曲家們喜愛的曲種之一，從巴洛克時期開始即有奏鳴曲這樣的作品類型存在。奏鳴曲開始由義大利人首創，但從十八世紀開始，卻是德、奧作曲家們將它運用得淋漓盡致，如：海頓(Franz Joseph, 1732-1809)、莫札特(Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, 1756-1791)、貝多芬(Ludwig van Beethoven, 1770-1827)等皆寫下重要的奏鳴曲作品，後來浪漫時期甚至是現代樂派作曲家們也相繼使用奏鳴曲形式來創作。以現今最常見的奏鳴曲形式，大多固定在三到四樂章，本研究探討尼諾．羅塔(Nino Rota, 1911-1979)這首《單簧管與鋼琴的奏鳴曲》(Sonata in D for Clarinet and Piano)也屬於古典奏鳴曲三樂章形式來寫作。 20世紀義大利作曲家尼諾．羅塔(Nino Rota, 1911-1979)是創作力相當卓越的古典音樂作曲家，在當時更是以電影配樂作曲家聞名於世，更成功被大眾認可具高度評價的藝術鑑賞家。本文以羅塔的《單簧管與鋼琴的奏鳴曲》(Sonata in D for Clarinet and Piano)作為研究主題，當中更延伸探討20世紀社會背景，略述電影與當代音樂藝術發展，以及羅塔如何與義大利導演－菲德烈柯．費里尼(Federico Fellini, 1920-1993)攜手合作創下雋永作品、樂曲分析與演奏詮釋等，作為本論文對此單簧管奏鳴曲研究之依據。

關鍵字

奏鳴曲、單簧管、尼諾．羅塔、菲德烈柯．費里尼

並列摘要

Abstract Sonata is a musical form favored by many composers. Ever since the Baroque Period, the quasi-sonata form has already been in existence. Invented by the Italians, it has been the favorite genre of the Austrians and German composers, such as Joseph Haydn (1732-1809), Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791), and Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827), who developed this form fully, back in the 18th century. They have left us with many important works for the sonata. Later, in the Romantic period and even in the Modern period, still composed with the sonata form. There are usually three or four movements in common sonata form. This research examines the Sonata in D for Clarinet and Piano, which was composed in the classic sonata form in three movements, by Nino Rota (1911-1979). Nino Rota (1911-1979) was an excellent Italian composer of classical music. However, he was famous for his film scores, which had gained high recognition. This essay investigates Rota’s “Sonata in D for Clarinet and Piano,” in the context of the social background in the 20th century and the development of film scores and modern music. In addition, this essay also analyzes and interprets the works written by Rota in collaboration with the Italian director Federico Fellini (1920-1993) as reference for the studies of “Sonata in D for Clarinet and Piano.”