台灣八家將藝陣視覺意象之研究-以海報創作為例

一般傳統民俗藝陣中，較具有神秘色彩及威嚴的「八家將民俗藝陣」為，尤其有關扮演角色的臉譜、法器、服飾等都鮮明突出，成為民眾注目焦點。而從文獻資料的訪查及本研究發現，八家將團在發展過程中不僅有其特殊性，且僅屬台灣特有的廟會文化有此陣頭表演，同時也是全世界獨有的藝陣文化。正因為有如此的特殊性，且又是深入台灣基層的藝陣文化，是本研究探討及發揚傳統技藝文化的重心所在。尤其八家將團的文化，以及其猶如曇花一現之精緻臉譜藝術，演出舞蹈動作的霸氣，儀式姿態的神秘等，值得深入研究的地方。從研究中發現八家將的臉譜是精緻的彩繪藝術，隊形變化和操演的步伐則可視為民族舞蹈，至於身段動作則相當於武術展現，而亮相動作則屬於雕塑藝術造型。因此，八家將乃屬於精緻的民俗藝術，甚且結合彩繪藝術、舞蹈藝術及武術表演等多項表演藝術於一體，自有其特色及吸引人之魅力所在。本研究之目的係藉由台灣傳統藝陣八家將之特色，以八家將的臉譜、法器、動作姿態等方面做探討，將其運用到平面設計，藉由電腦繪製於海報創作上，期望賦予重新詮釋，用幾何圖形、曲形、圓形、正方形、三角形…等元素作為海報設計之創作表現。創作中之八家將共有：刑具爺、文差爺、武差爺、甘柳范謝四大將、春夏秋冬四大神等十一個角色，以用質性研究之方法，探討台灣各八家將之文化特色，其中以台東、屏東、高雄、台南為研究重點，進行比較及分析選定的這十一個角色，同時也以四團不同地區、不同的特徵比較，得到初步、具體的成果之後再將其運用到海報創作上，讓八家將之特色藉由海報創作上，得到更多元的文化及創作意涵。尤其本研究之相關海報創作上，對於傳統八家將之角色在創作中得以被轉化、詮釋，利用八家將的元素去設計，探尋八家將各成員的圖形及符號意義，進行向量幾何圖形及簡化設計。同時利用電腦繪製一系列的八家將海報，將創作作品結合城隍廟會活動祭典活動展示之方式，期能藉以提升台灣傳統廟會文化，進而讓社會大眾觀賞傳統廟會文化之餘，亦能重新體驗及欣賞賦予重新詮釋發揚八家將民俗藝術文化。

關鍵字

八家將、廟會、臉譜、藝陣、海報創作

並列摘要

The Eight Infernal Generals (Ba Jia Jiang) are often the most mysterious and majestic subjects of the traditional folk arts, especially in regards to Chinese opera-style face masks, religious instruments, and costumes that are so strikingly colorful that they are always the center of attention. Review of the literature and this study show that the developmental process of the Eight Infernal Generals is not only special, but it is also the only unique type of parade formation in temple fairs that is found solely in Taiwanese culture and therefore the only one of its kind in the whole world. It is hard not to notice the exceptionality and in-depth foundation of the artistic arrays of the Taiwanese culture. In particular, the beauty of the Eight Infernal Generals, the delicate Chinese opera-style face masks together with dance performances conveys a domineering attitude with mysterious rituals that truly attracts the public’s attention. This study found that the Chinese opera-style face masks of the Eight Infernal Generals are fine examples of delicate works of art. The formation and the dance steps can be considered a folk dance in which the body movements are similar to martial arts moves and the stage poses appear to be like statues. Therefore, the Eight Infernal Generals are part of the fine folk art that combined works of art, dance and martial art performances as well as many other types of performing arts into one performance. That’s why it not only has its own unique characteristics, but is charmingly attractive. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of traditional Taiwanese folk art featuring the Eight Infernal Generals through the observation of Chinese opera-style face masks, religious instruments, movements and appearances and so on, which are further applied to printed media through computer graphic poster creations with the hope of giving them new roles and interpretations through the adoption of different shapes such as curves, circles, squares, triangles and so on. Among the creations of the Eight Infernal Generals, there are eleven characters: Instruments of Torture Lord, Wen Chai Lord (he receives the Five Blessings God’s commands), Wu Chai Lord (delivers the Five Blessing God’s commands), General Gan, General Liu, General Fan, General Xie and the Gods of the Four Seasons. First, the posters adopted the qualitative research method to review four Eight Infernal Generals troupes from Taitung, Pingtung, Kaohsiung, and Tainan. Then the eleven roles selected were compared and analyzed to obtain initial and concrete results which are then further adopted to posters whilst providing new roles and new interpretations, so that the characteristics of the Eight Infernal Generals can be relayed on the posters with more meanings in regards to the elements of culture and creativity. This research focused on the poster creations, especially targeting the poster creations that convert and interpret the characters of the traditional Eight Infernal Generals, in order to fully utilize the elements of the Eight Infernal Generals in designs and to explore the graphic and symbolic significance of each of the Eight Infernal Generals through vector geometry and design simplification. A series of Eight Infernal Generals posters have been displayed at the City God’s temple fair with the goal of raising public awareness of traditional Taiwanese temple fair culture and also letting the general public re-experience and admire the new roles as well as re-interpret the folk art related to the Eight Infernal Generals whilst enjoying traditional temple fair culture.