2017年我國獸醫人員對動物疾病防治法規認知及其教育訓練完備性之調查分析

目的：經調查2016年飼養豬隻540萬餘頭，牛羊各14萬餘頭，雞鴨鵝火雞等家禽共1.8億餘隻，水產品年消費約10萬公噸，蛋及乳製品等均為民生動物性蛋白質之來源，另寵物或伴侶動物的犬隻數達178萬隻，獸醫人員在促進動物健康、防治動物傳染病散播上扮演重要之角色，經查2017年在政府登記之獸醫師(佐)的人數年齡自24歲至65歲計7,120人，政府制定「動物傳染病防治條例」、「動物用藥品管理法」及「獸醫師法」等做為動物傳染病防治之重要法規，為探討獸醫人員對前述法規之認知情形及相關配合之教育訓練推動情形，進行本研究。方法：依前述法規及其教育訓練，研擬問卷包括「動物傳染病防治條例」之動物防疫及動物檢疫計13題、「動物用藥品管理法」計16題、「獸醫師法」計11題、獸醫師執業繼續教育訓練計6題、個人基本資料計14題，共計60題，應用科技工具，將題目上傳google問卷後，以電子郵件、臉書、即時通訊軟體之群組及紙本，隨機邀請公務獸醫師及非公務獸醫師等人員進行問卷填答。結果：蒐集而得的127份調查問卷，是由99位男性及28位女性填復，研析該127份調查問卷顯示，平均年齡47.2±9歲，從事獸醫之平均工作年資19.4±9年，獸醫人員大致都取得獸醫師(佐)證書，學歷以碩士居冠，公務員與非公務員在法規認知上有顯著性差異，以學歷進行差異性分析，僅碩博士與大專在「動物用藥品管理法」具顯著性差異，而性別、身分別、年齡之於法規認知情形並無顯著性差異，獸醫師執業繼續教育訓練自2016年開辦，獸醫師(佐)需於6年取得120學分，本次有26份填復取得學分數，範圍分布自4學分至150學分，中位數為28；經探討曾研習「動物傳染病防治條例」者對該條例內容精熟情形與未曾研習該條例者具顯著性差異，「動物用藥品管理法」也有相同的結果，而「獸醫師法」則不具顯著性差異；獸醫人員的自我衛生基本要求以洗手居冠，該項與「獸醫師法」進行研析時具顯著性差異，其他兩項法規則無顯著性差異。3C產品使用情形以智慧型手機達98%最高，交通工具以機車為主，其次是汽車，3C產品使用情形及交通工具對3項法規熟悉情形都不具顯著性差異。結論：我國辦理登記之獸醫人員，經官方統計24歲至65歲的男女分別為4,607人與2,513人，平均年齡為41.7歲，本次研究之平均年齡47.2±9歲，與官方數據相較，均顯示屬中壯年期，本次研究結果發現提供服務以碩士學歷居多，參與者對法規認知情形平均約達60%，顯示法規教育訓練參與情形仍需加強，推動獸醫師執業繼續教育已一年，此次調查之學分中位數是28，應持續推廣獸醫師執業繼續教育，使動物傳染病防治工作更確實有效率。

關鍵字

獸醫；獸醫人員；法規；教育；訓練

並列摘要

Purpose: There are 5.4 million pigs, 140,000 cattle and goats respectively, more than 180 million poultry including chickens, ducks, geese and turkeys raised in Taiwan which are important animal protein sources for human consumption as well as eggs, dairy products and 100,000 tons fishery products in 2016. Also, 1.78 million dogs were raised as pets or companion animals. Veterinary practitioners play an important role in improving animal health and preventing the spread of animal infectious diseases. There are 7,120 veterinarians and veterinary assistants from 24 to 65 years old currently registered. The "Statute for Prevention and Control of Infectious Animal Disease", the "Veterinary Drugs Control Act" and the "Veterinary Act "are three main laws governing animal diseases control. To assess the understanding of the aforesaid laws by veterinary practitioners, the study intends to use a questionnaire to investigate the level of understanding of the animal health prevention and control laws by veterinary personnel's and whether related training meets their needs. Methods: In order to understand how familiar with the aforementioned laws and implementation by veterinarians and how the related training met the needs, questionnaires were given. The questionnaire has 60 items composed of 13items from the "Statute for Prevention and Control of Infectious Animal Disease" for animal prevention and animal quarantine, 16 items from the "Veterinary Drugs Control Act", 11 items from the "Veterinary Act ", 6 items for veterinary practitioners continuing education and 14 items for the personnel’s basic information.The complete questionnaires were returned by civil veterinarians and non-civil veterinarians using the hard copy or electronic measures such as email, Facebook, Line, and WeChat etc. Results: Be collected the 127 responses from 99 males and 28 females. Analysis of 127 responses showed that the average age is 47.2±9 year-old, and the average length of a vocational veterinary career is 19.4±9 years. Almost all the veterinarians and veterinary assistants are registered with the government. In the investigation, more than half have the master’s degree. There is significant difference in terms of knowledge of relevant laws between civil servants and non-civil servants. Comparing people those with the master’s/PhD degree and the bachelor’s degree, the only is significant difference in legal understanding is in the "Veterinary Drugs Control Act". There is no significant difference in gender, occupation, age in terms of the law literacy. Veterinary practitioners continuing education training started in 2016, and the score range of 26 responses for number of credits taken is from 4 to 150 with the median being 28. There is significant difference for the education training group of the "Statute for Prevention and Control of Infectious Animal Disease", the "Veterinary Drugs Control Act" compared with the non-education training group. This result did not show up for the "Veterinary Act ". Analyzing the responses, washing-hands is the priority of veterinarians self-health basic requirements, and the only significant difference is in the "Veterinary Act ". The most popular 3C-products used is the smart phone with the popularity of 98%. The main type of transportation vehicle used is motorcycles and followed by cars. There is no significant difference surveying the use of the 3C-products and transportation when comparing familiarity with the aforementioned three laws. Conclusions: Official statistics of government registered are 4,607 males and 2,513 females by veterinary practitioners with ages from 24 to 65 years old. The average age is 41.7 years old. In the investigation, the average age is 47.2±9. Most of the veterinary practitioners providing the service are middle-aged which result is similar to the official statistics with master degrees in our country. The average literacy rate of the aforesaid law is about 60% and could be improved by training courses. The median score is 28 credits after one year implementing the veterinary practitioners’ education and training since 2016. This implied that the education training still can improve with an all-out effort in order to prevent animal diseases more efficiency and effectively.