噴漆作業場所勞工重金屬與六價鉻暴露之健康風險評估

Health Risk Assessment of Workers Exposed to Heavy Metals and Hexavalent Chromium in a Spray-painting Workplace

吳珮甄(PEI-CHEN WU)

指導教授 ： 賴嘉祥

中臺科技大學/健康科學院/環境與安全衛生工程系碩士班/碩士(2017年)

摘要

工業通風設備製造廠在噴漆過程中，含有金屬的油漆顆粒會依不同粒徑大小分佈在作業場所中，對勞工造成健康上的影響。2017年採集21個工作天之空氣樣本，氣膠樣本是利用Sioutas五階個人式高流量空氣採樣器採集8小時，金屬元素則是利用感應耦合電漿源子發射光譜儀(ICP/OES)進行分析。
在噴漆過程中，最高的質量濃度為粒徑>2.5m之14.867.71 mg/m3，而粒徑PM1-2.5對於總懸浮粒徑質量比值為13.12%4.27%，PM0.25-1和PM<0.25分別占總懸浮粒徑質量之8.67%和5.05%。在金屬元素濃度方面，濃度最高為鉛(496017ng/m3)和鐵(252123.8 ng/m3)。利用國際放射防護委員會(ICRP)的模式預估重金屬在噴漆勞工呼吸系統之總沉積量約為15.21mg/day，其中沉積濃度最高的呼吸系統區域為頭部區域之83.89%1.85%，依序為肺泡區域(10.76%1.25%)及支氣管區域(5.35%1.00%)。最重要的是，六價鉻於勞工呼吸系統之總沉積量約為252.29 ng/m3，且六價鉻為噴漆顆粒之重金屬中致癌斜率因子(Slope factor)最高的。
在健康暴露風險評估方面，鎘、鈷、鎳、砷與六價鉻之致癌金屬在總懸浮微粒中的致癌風險值分別為8.1x 10-7, 6.0 x 10-6, 1.5x 10-3, 3.25 x 10-3及1.6 x 10-5。特別的是，勞工的健康風險評估值顯示除了鎘以外，其他金屬均超過致癌風險值(10-6)，表示噴漆作業場所中是有潛在的致癌風險存在。

關鍵字

粒徑分佈 ； 重金屬 ； 六價鉻 ； 噴漆 ； 健康風險評估

並列摘要

The health effects of metal-containing paint-particles at various particle-size distributions on workers in a spray painting process at an industrial ventilation equipment manufacturing plant. Samples were collected over 21 working days in 2017.Aerosol samples were collected for 8 h using the 5 impaction stages of Sioutas Cascade Impactor. Metal-containing particles were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).
Measurement results show that the particles with the highest mass concentrations were PM>2.5 (14.867.71 mg/m3). The mass ratios of PM1-2.5 to total PM was13.12%4.27%. The PM0.25-1 and PM<0.25 constituted 8.67% and 5.05% of the total PM mass, respectively. The most abundant metal elements in all particle sizes on all sampling days were Pb (496017ng/m3) and Fe (252123.8 ng/m3). The total deposition fluxes of heavy metals were estimated at 15.21 mg/day by the ICRP model, and the region with the highest contribution was the head region (83.89%1.85%), followed by the alveolar region (10.76%1.25% and tracheobronchial region (5.35%1.00%). Significantly, Cr (VI) of the total deposition fluxes was 252.29 ng/m3. The inhalation slope factor of Cr (VI) is the highest than that in all carcinogenic metals.
Cancer risks of carcinogenic metals (Cd, Co , Ni,As and Cr+6) in total particles were 8.1x 10-7, 6.0 x 10-6, 1.5x 10-3 , 3.25 x 10-3and 1.6 x 10-5 for paint spraying process workers. Expect Cd, health risk assessment revealed that the risk values for workers were all above the guidelines of cancer risk (10-6), indicating that there are potential cancer risk in the spray-painting workplace.

並列關鍵字

Size distributions ； Heavy metals ； Hexavalent chromium ； Spray-painting ； Health-risk assessment

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