台灣外籍配偶就業狀況之實證研究

近年來，跨國婚姻在臺灣已成為一種風氣。隨著外籍人士的不斷移入，臺灣社會人口結構正逐漸改變中，而本國籍人士的工作機會亦受到空前的排擠效應。因此，本研究主要目的是探討跨國婚姻中的外籍配偶，在台灣的就業類型與影響因素。本研究資料來自於2003年內政部對全國外籍配偶所做的「外籍與大陸配偶生活狀況調查」，所收集32,559位有固定工作的外籍配偶受訪者資料，以羅吉斯迴歸機率模型( Logistic Regression Model)作實證分析。實證結果顯示，在其他外生變數固定下，年紀較長、教育程度較高的外籍配偶顯著的不會從事農業與工業，而會從事服務業或公共行政業；住在都市的外籍配偶顯著的不會從事農業，而會從事工業、服務業或公共行政業。其次，在家庭因素方面，大陸籍配偶子女眾多者，從事工業機率高；非陸籍配偶，則從事農業的機率較高。與公婆同住的陸籍與非陸籍配偶，都是從事農業機率較高。非陸籍配偶之家戶收入穩定與本國籍配偶有固定工作者，顯著的會從事工業，不會從事農業。最後，非陸籍較陸籍配偶，於各種解釋變數上，顯著的會從事工業和服務業，此結果打破大眾傳統的刻板印象。此項結論將有助於政府規劃外籍配偶就業時等各項措施之依據。

關鍵字

跨國婚姻；外籍配偶；羅吉斯模型；就業

並列摘要

Transnational marriage has gradually become a new social phenomenon in Taiwan. With the increasing immigration, population structure is gradually changing in Taiwan. Job opportunities of the nationals are also crowded out by this immigration. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was to explore the type of employment and influence factors of foreign spouses among transnational marriages in Taiwan. Data was obtained from the Survey of Foreign and Mainland Chinese Spouses’ Living Demand in Taiwan, a study conducted in 2003 that encompassed observations on 32,559 foreign spouses with steady jobs. A logistic regression model was used to do empirical analysis. After controlling for potentially confounding variables, the empirical results show that relatively younger and higher education are more likely to engage in service and public administration than those older and lower education peers. Foreign spouses living in urban are more likely to engage in the industrial, service and public administration. Regarding to family factors, foreign spouses living with parents-in-law are more likely to engage in the agriculture. Mainland Chinese spouses with many children show higher probability in the industry. Nevertheless, it shows higher probabilities in the agriculture for non-mainland Chinese spouses. Non-mainland Chinese spouses with steady household income and the native spouses with stable jobs show significant effects in the industry but for the agriculture. Finally, for the many explanatory variables, the non-mainland Chinese spouses show significant effects in industry and services. The result breaks the traditional views in Taiwan. Research results should be useful in developing strategies targeting employment for the target group.