社區老人參與志工服務之幸福感研究

摘　　要活躍老化的重要依據是從參與過程中，以志工服務關係照護自己進而照護其他老人。可透過營造過程研究評估高齡者參與志工服務點滴，產生的幸福感及對其心理與生活的影響。我們為老人設計一套返樸歸真系列，結合環保精緻農業提供一塊土地耕作成可食地景，營造社區老人自種自收自賣，由志工從旁輔導協助從10位老人參與親耕與參與志工服務進行質性研究。研究者須具有敏銳的觀察力、彙集整理社區老人志工服務的幸福感訪談，得到結論如下: 一、健康第一二、家庭關係和睦是幸福感的基石三、社會參與志工服務讓老人有價值感是幸福來源四、要有良好的休閒興趣豐富老人生活五、正向積極的態度面對人生六、自我超越更幸福七、自我價值觀與幸福感的關係緊密幸福感已然是全球人期望的生活，過去以經濟做為國家競爭力指標的作法，認為經濟指標不能表現國民真正的福祉與幸福，從而提出「國民幸福總值」做為新興的國家競爭力指標。研究指出人類生命的「自我價值觀」與｢幸福感」的關係緊密：對自我價值觀高的人比較幸福，人與人之間相處好的人比較幸福，社會參與度高的比較幸福，整體言之，社區老人參與志工服務對其自我價值是高的且比較幸福。

關鍵字

社區；老人參與；志工服務；幸福感

並列摘要

Abstract The main foundation of active aging is to care for oneself and other seniors through participation in volunteer services and generated social relationships. Tidbits of senior participation in volunteer services as well as the generated well-being and impact on their mental state and life can be researched and assessed through the community building process. We have designed a “return to simplicity and authenticity” campaign for seniors by providing a piece of land for cultivation and edible landscaping in line with eco-friendly sophisticated farming based on a concept of independent cultivation, harvesting, and sale by seniors. Volunteers provided guidance and assistance for 10 seniors and conducted qualitative research through participation in cultivation and volunteer services. The researchers must possess sharp observation skills and were required to compile and organize well-being interviews of senior volunteers. The following conclusions have been reached: 1. Health First 2. Harmonious family relationships are the foundation of wellbeing 3. Social engagement and volunteer services are the origin of a sense of self-worth and happiness of seniors 4. Positive leisure interests enrich the lives of seniors 5. Positive and active attitude toward life 6. Self-transcendence for greater happiness 7. Intimate relationship between happiness and well-being All humans pursue well-being. In the past, it was generally believed that the economy is an indicator for national competitiveness. However, it was gradually realized that economic indicators cannot reflect public welfare and happiness. Gross National Happiness (GNH) was therefore proposed as a new indicator for national competitiveness. Academic research shows that there is a strong correlation between self-value and well-being. People with higher self-value, better social relationships, and higher social engagement tend to be happier. In conclusion, participation in volunteer services by seniors leads to increased self-value and happiness.