健康風險與民眾自覺健康狀況之研究

Health risk and Self-perceived Health Status

李奇燁(Che-Yeh Li)

指導教授 ： 楊志良

亞洲大學/健康學院/健康管理研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

健康風險評估（HRA）目前在歐、美等各國被視為一種增進健康意識及促進行為改變之健康管理工具。本研究根據國人十大死因及流行病學研究為基礎，彙整國內外相關研究以訂定各項疾病之風險因子（Risk Factor）並以之計算風險分數（Risk Score），以『2001 國民健康訪問調查』（2001 NHIS）台灣地區十二歲以上個人問卷為研究對象，計算民眾罹患肝癌、肺癌、口腔癌、腦中風、心臟病等疾病之風險，並探討疾病風險與自覺健康狀況之相關。依據本研究結果顯示：
一、就人口基本特性與疾病風險而言：
（一）肝癌風險：40~64歲之民眾罹患肝癌之風險較低。
（二）肺癌風險：40~64歲之民眾罹患肺癌之風險較低；收入在5,000~9,999元者其罹患肺癌之風險較低；收入在60,000元以上者其罹患肺癌之風險較高。
（三）口腔癌風險：信仰基督教之民眾罹患口腔癌之風險較高。
（四）腦中風風險：具大學以上學歷及收入介於5,000~9,999元之男性，罹患腦中風之風險較高。
（五）心臟病風險：40~64歲之男性及信奉道教之民眾罹病風險較高；但居住在都會區之民眾罹病之風險較低。
二、就健康風險與自覺健康狀況而言：
自覺目前健康狀況越差者其罹患「肺癌」風險越高；控制基本特性後，自覺目前健康狀況越差者，罹患「腦中風」及「心臟病」之風險越高。若與一年前健康做比較，健康狀況越差者，罹患「口腔癌」及「腦中風」等疾病之風險越低；控制基本特性後，目前健康狀況比一年前更好者未來罹患「肺癌」之風險越高；但罹患「口腔癌」、「腦中風」及「心臟病」等疾病之風險越低。
本研究認為事前的防範重於事後的補救，且疾病間之「連鎖效應」（Chain Reaction）亦不能忽視；建議中央及相關衛生主管機關應重視各種疾病之「黃金宣導期」，在青少年時期培養良好之健康行為，以降低日後罹病之風險。

關鍵字

健康風險、風險因子、風險分數、自覺健康狀況

並列摘要

Among European and American countries, the health risk appraisal (HRA) is regarded as one useful tool to enhance health consciousness and to promote health behavior change. This research, based on findings of various literatures, calculates the risk scores of ten leading causes of death for those subjects of “2001 National Health Survey, Taiwan”. (2001 NHIS). Those subjects with face-to-face interview are island-wide random samples of those 12 year old and above. Analyses are carried out to determine the relation between risk score of liver cancer, lung cancer, oral cancer, stroke, heart disease and self-perceived health status. The findings are：
Ⅰ. Social-demographic characteristic and the disease risk：
1.Liver cancer：Those aged 40~64 with lower liver cancer risk score.
2.Lung cancer ：Those aged 40~64 and income group of NT$ 5,000~
9,999 with lower risk score while those with income
above NT$60,000 with higher score.
3.Oral cancer ：Christians with high oral cancer risk score.
4.Stroke ：Male with university education and those income of
NT$5,000~9,999 with higher stroke risk.
5.Heart disease：Male aged 40~64 and those of Taoism with higher
risk；nevertheless, those live in city with lower
risk.
Ⅱ. The health risk and self-perceived health status：
Those perceive worse health status are higher on "lung
cancer" risk score. After controlling social-demographic
variables, those with worse self-perceived health status are
higher on "stroke" and "heart disease" risk score. After
comparing the health of one year ago, those reported worse are
lower on "oral cancer" and " stroke" risk score. After
controlling all other variables, those reported better health
than one year ago are higher on "lung cancer" risk score but
lower on scores of "oral cancer", "stroke" and "heart disease".
Prevention is much more important than treatment. We would
like to suggest health authority to take actions among young
people, those in the “Gold guidance period”, to adopt health
behavior in order to reduce disease risks.

並列關鍵字

Health risk score, risk factor, self-perceived health status

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