影響社區老年人規律運動的因素

Factors to regular exercise for the community elderly

蘇莉斐(Li-Fei Su)

指導教授 ： 徐慧娟

亞洲大學/健康學院/健康管理研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

身體活動或運動對老年人維持或增進身體健康及身體功能的效果已為大家所熟知，在老人人口急速增加、平均壽命逐漸延長的同時，如何藉由提升老年人的運動行為來維持或增進身體健康、維持其日常生活能力與獨立照顧自己的能力，是值得重視的問題。若要增加老年人的運動行為，必須先了解老人從事規律運動行為的情形及其影響因素，以作為推廣老人參與運動時的參考依據。
本研究目的在於了解
1.社區老人人口社會經濟變項、身體健康狀況、健康行為、身體活動狀況、運動障礙及認知、運動的社會支持與運動行為的關係；
2.身體活動介入與老人運動行為的關係。
本研究資料來自94年度國科會專題研究「台灣老人之成功老化」第三年計畫─「台灣老人之成功老化：介入計畫與評估」的資料進行分析。本研究的樣本共有624位年滿66歲有參與「台灣老人之成功老化：介入計畫與評估」第三年計畫且目前仍居住於研究地區的老年人，包括實驗組社區(苗栗市東區110人、公館106人、卓蘭103人) 以及對照組社區(苗栗市西區103人、通霄100人及後龍102人)。其中介入地區參與介入計畫者共45人；最後完成訪問的老年人有538位，完訪率為86.2%。以多變項邏輯式迴歸進行分析。

研究結果發現：
1.若將規律運動習慣定義為每週至少運動兩次、每次運動時間三十分鐘以上，則有規律運動習慣的人佔25.5%。
2.由雙變項分析可知影響規律運動的因素包括有年齡、教育程度、族群、居住區屬性、健康狀況(自覺健康、與同儕相比、與前一年相比)、身體功能(ADL、IADL及EMI)、罹患慢性病數及身體疼痛情形、喝酒行為、身體活動情形(坐式活動、輕鬆家事及費力家事)、運動障礙及認知、運動相關的社會支持；實驗組有參加介入活動者有規律運動行為的比例較實驗組沒有參加介入活動及控制組高。會影響規律運動行為的慢性病有風濕或關節炎或痛風、中風及呼吸系統方面疾病。
3.以多變項邏輯式迴歸分析後發現，在控制其他變項之後，BMI較高、 EMI總分較低、運動障礙較低、運動相關的社會支持程度較高的老人參與規律運動的比例較高；居住於介入地區且有參加介入的老人規律運動行為的比例高於居住於介入地區但沒有參加介入或居住於控制地區的老人。
除了宣導老年人規律運動的益處之外，提升老人運動的動機、教導適合老人且方便執行的運動及減少老人運動的障礙才能有效增加老人運動行為。

關鍵字

老人 ； 社區老人 ； 運動行為 ； 規律運動

並列摘要

The effects of physical activities or exercise in maintaining or improving health and physical function of older people are known. As rapidly increasing the rate of older people and progressive lengthening life span, it is important to maintain or improve older people’s health and the abilities of ADL, self care by increasing older people to participate exercise. We need to understand the factors to regular exercise for community elderly to promote their participation. This study is to explore the factors influencing older people to participate regular exercise and the relationship between physical activity intervention and exercise behavior.
This study is based on the study of “ Successful aging for the Elderly in Taiwan: Intervention and Evaluation” in 2005-2006. The participants consisted of community-dwelling older people living in Miaoli city and aged 66 years of old. Miaoli City East District, Gongguan and Tongsiao Townships were the experimental communities, and Miaoli City West District, Jhuolan and Houlong Townships were the controlled communities. There were 45 older people participating the intervention program. After intervention, we invited 624 older people to join the survey and completed 538 interviews with completion rate of 86.2%. Regular exercise was defined as doing exercise at least 2 times per week and over 30 minutes per time.
The results of the study included (1) 25.5% participants joined regular exercise. (2) Bi-variate analysis showed the significant factors to regular exercise included age, educational level, ethnic groups, living area, health condition, physical function, the number of chronic diseases, pain, drinking, physical activity, exercise barrier, exercise cognition, social support related exercise, and participating physical activity intervention. Chronic diseases related regular exercise were rheumatoid arthritis or arthritis, stroke and respiratory disease; (3) By binary logistic regression analysis, we found that the elderly with higher BMI, lower EMI scores, lower exercise barrier level, higher social support level were more likely to participate regular exercise. The one living in the intervention areas and participating physical activity intervention was more likely to participate regular exercise than the one living in the intervention areas but without participating intervention.
In addition to advocate the benefits of regular exercise, introduction of the appropriate and easy exercise and reduction in the exercise barriers for the elderly are also important to encourage their regular exercise habit.

並列關鍵字

elderly ； community-dwelling ； regular exercise ； exercise behavior

參考文獻

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